Industrialization in Spain: Basque Steel and Catalan Textiles
**The Steel Industry in the Basque Country**
The Basque Country was rich in iron mines. Small factories producing soft iron (virgin iron) had been exploited for centuries in the mines of Biscay. These factories exported iron to the rest of Spain and its American colonies, but with the independence of these colonies, the Basque iron factories entered a crisis. Basque traders took advantage of this time of crisis to create new industries and replace products that had traditionally been imported. Taking
Read MoreThe Habsburg Empire: Power, Politics, and Legacy
In 1516, Ferdinand the Catholic died, and Carlos I (also known as Charles V of Germany) inherited the crown of Spain, along with the inheritance from his paternal grandparents. This accumulated a vast territory, but not the title of Emperor. Carlos I levied taxes in Castile, Aragon, and Catalonia to obtain resources to buy the title. This led to the Revolt of the Comuneros, in which the bourgeoisie, the Spanish nobility, urban plebeians, and broad sectors of the peasantry demanded a limitation of
Read MoreImmigration Trends in Spain: 1980-2002
The proposed traffic graph reflects the arrival of immigrants to Spain from 1980 to 2002. The annual series is not consistent; at first, it is almost five years, and then from 1997, it is annual. So, although the general trend is ascending, the chart does not accurately reflect the large increase in entries produced in the last few years.
From 1980 to 1995, the number of immigrants increased by about 150,000 every five years. This trend increases greatly after 1997 because the number of entries exceeds
Read MoreMigration Patterns: Causes, Types, and Impacts in Spain
Migration Patterns: Causes, Types, and Impacts
Migratory movements can be defined as a change of residence. They have different socio-economic causes such as food crises, unemployment, the desire for personal improvement, ideological reasons (political, religious, and ethnic), and short-term factors like war and natural disasters.
Movements according to space can be both internal and external:
- Internal: Transfer of people from rural to urban areas (rural exodus), from one rural area to another, from
Arcor: History and Global Expansion of the Candy Giant
Arcor: From Humble Beginnings to Global Success
Arcor was born on July 5, 1951, when a group of entrepreneurs, led by Fulvio Salvador Pagani, opened a candy factory in Arroyito, Córdoba, Argentina. The company name “Arcor” is a combination of the initials of Arroyito and Córdoba, representing the city and province where the company was established in Argentina. In 1958, Arcor launched its first nationwide communication campaign on radio, television, and film, promoting a raffle.
Product Diversification
Read MoreUrban Planning: City Concepts, Morphology, and Transport
City Concepts and Criteria
City planning considers three main criteria:
- Numeric: Starting rates vary by city, for example: Argentina (ARG), Belarus (BY), France (FRA) 2000, U.S. 2500, Austin 5000, Spain (ESP) 10,000, and Mechanics 20,000.
- Concentration: Density, continuity, and real numbers, focusing on the continuity of houses.
- Professional Activity: No need to exclude large cities and rural areas, including Mediterranean and major fishing ports.
Urban Morphology
Urban morphology examines the city’s
Read More