Center-Periphery Dynamics & Global Geopolitics

The Unequal Exchange: Center and Periphery

There is a set of regions that have significant means of production of high technology, large capital investment, and control of the world market; this is called the center. Other regions, in contrast, have limited means of production, short technology, little economic investment, and no control over the global market; this is called the periphery.

Between the center and the periphery, global trade relations called unequal exchange occur. This is when the

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World Biomes: Characteristics and Distribution

Mediterranean Forest

The Mediterranean forest biome extends beyond the Mediterranean region, encompassing areas in Southern Australia, Chile, and parts of the American Pacific coast north of California. The climate is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. A ‘fifth season,’ the extended dry summer, is often observed. Evergreen trees, such as oaks and cork oaks, are typical of this biome.

  • Fauna: Abundant rabbits, birds, reptiles, and insects.
  • Human Impact: Areas heavily impacted
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Understanding Population Dynamics and Labor Force Metrics

Population

All persons of legal age to work (in Spain, between 16 and 65) that wish to do so.

Labor Force Participation

The ratio of the active population of a certain age and the population for the interval represented in percentage.

Employed Population

Also known as employed, is composed of all persons aged 16 or over who during the reference week of the survey or had a record of paid employment or have exercised self-employment (autonomous workers).

Unemployed Population

All persons aged 16 or over

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Cultural Diversity and Globalization: Impacts and Trends

Cultural Diversity: Two Special Characteristics

Cultural diversity has two special characteristics:

  1. All cultures receive influences from other cultures.
  2. As a result of cultural diversity, each culture gradually loses homogeneity.

Relations and influences among cultures are often the result of violent imposition. Cultural diversity is particularly common when people originating from elsewhere settle among us. We come into contact with cultures other than our own. Excluding them ultimately leads to either

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Industrial Expansion Zones in Spain: Types and Features

Industrial Expansion Areas

Features

These are areas in which industry is established for different reasons. We can distinguish various types:

Metropolitan Crowns

They are in the urban periphery and have declining industrial areas undergoing restructuring, such as lower Llobregat, the left bank of the River Nervión in Bilbao, and the south of Madrid.

Suburban Fringes

They are transition zones between the urban and rural. In general, the industries are small, thinly capitalized, and in need of unskilled

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Understanding Population Pyramids: Analysis and Key Factors

Analyzing Sex Structure

To comment on the sex structure, one must:

  • Find the numerical superiority of males at birth by calculating the sex ratio or looking at the longer bar at the bottom of the pyramid (0-4 years) on the side of men.
  • Indicate when the higher male mortality leads to equalization of the effect of both sexes.
  • Note the disparity in effect for the elderly.
  • Explain the longer life expectancy of women and the causes of higher male mortality (war, lifestyle, etc.).

Analyzing Age Structure

Identify

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