Cigarettes, Environment, and Migration: Key Issues
Smoking Cigarettes
What do you think about people who are unable to stop smoking? Have you ever wondered how dangerous it is for their health?
Smokers’ Perspective
- Smoking cigarettes is a relaxing activity for those who suffer from stress.
- It has become a daily routine for many people.
- Some teenagers think it makes them look older and cool.
- Many started smoking because their relatives were heavy smokers.
Non-Smokers’ Perspective
- Smoking is very harmful and highly addictive.
- It causes serious diseases such
Spain’s Energy, Transport, Trade, and Tourism Sectors
Spain’s Energy Infrastructure
The Spanish high-voltage electrical network is managed by the company Red Eléctrica de España. It takes care of the electrical infrastructures that form the transport network and connect generating plants with distribution points to consumers. The transport network of this company consists of 33,669 km of high-voltage lines and 3,000 distribution substations.
Natural Gas Distribution
Natural gas is distributed through a network of 7,752 km of pipelines in the peninsula.
Read MoreSpanish Rural Economy: Challenges and CAP Impact
The Spanish economy has relied heavily on the primary sector for years. Changes and progress have not affected all Spanish rural areas equally. Modernization and tradition coexist, leading to a “rural crisis” addressed through planning policies. This manifests in several indicators:
Demographics
A shrinking and aging population due to emigration of young and low-skilled individuals.
Economic Issues
- Little economic diversification in rural areas, leading to unemployment.
- Need to adapt to new food demands.
Industrial Revolution and Key Economic Concepts
Key Terms of Unit 2
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant technological and economic change, initially in Britain (c. 1750-1800). It began with the accumulation of trading capital and the mechanization of the textile factories of northern England and then Scotland. Dependent on the application of steam power, it also required factory production and an urban workforce. Populations grew, and the working classes suffered in the new towns. Industrialization was
Read MoreKey Economic and Agricultural Definitions
Economic and Agricultural Terms
- Protectionist Policy: Economic policy aimed at protecting the national economy and competition from foreign productions.
- Autarky: The idea that a country should produce all it needs for internal development within its borders, eliminating the need for imports.
- Industrial Crops: Crops used as industrial raw materials.
- Fodder Crops: Crops used as food for livestock.
- Mesta: Association of transhumant sheep farmers.
- Transhumance: The practice of moving livestock between regions
Spain’s Economy and Society in the 16th Century
Economy and Society in 16th Century Spain
In economics, agriculture was very outdated, and poor land distribution hindered modernization. Important rainfed crops included grapes and cereals, while irrigation was prevalent in Andalusia, Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia.
In livestock, transhumant sheep farming in Castile was favored by the Catholic Monarchs and Charles I but later declined due to opposition from farmers.
Industry saw remarkable progress in the early 16th century due to a rising population,
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