State Immunity: Principles, Scope, and Exceptions
State Immunity: Core Principles
The principle of state immunity dictates that a sovereign state cannot be subjected to the jurisdiction of another state’s tribunals or administrative bodies. This immunity stems from the concept of sovereign equality, where no state is superior to another. It manifests in two forms: jurisdictional immunity, preventing a state from being sued in another state’s courts, and enforcement immunity, protecting a state’s assets from measures of execution by another state.
Read MoreConsequences of World War I and the Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
Consequences of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, concluded the Paris Peace Conference, which involved 32 nations, excluding the defeated powers. The victorious nations sought reparations to compensate for war costs and damages. Key decisions were made by the United States, France, and Italy. The conference established the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at safeguarding peace and resolving conflicts through negotiations. The
Read MoreThe Rule of Law: Concept, Expression, and Content
How is the Rule of Law Manifested?
The rule of law is a term, an order in its second sense, that compels and orders the relations of a social group. The legal standard is the expression of the mandate of the law. It is expressed by means of regulatory propositions. It is necessary to distinguish between the standard and its normative proposition.
Types of Norms
- Prescriptive Norms: They order something to be done.
- Prohibitive Norms: They prohibit something from being done.
As a first exception, there
Read MoreBasque Autonomy Statute of 1936: Historical Analysis
The Basque Statute of Autonomy of 1936
This text presents a commentary on the Basque Statute of Autonomy, whose title is “The Basque Statute.” The articles were approved by the Congress of Deputies on October 4, 1936. The following commentary follows this procedure: location of the text, analysis, contextualization, and finally, conclusions, signaling the importance of the text.
1. Location
We begin by describing the nature of the text. In this sense, we can indicate that it is an informational text,
Read MoreScarcity and Economic Activity: Understanding Key Concepts
Scarcity and Economic Activity
The economic intent resolves distinct problems:
- To consume or purchase.
- Unemployment.
- Government budgets.
Governments are distinct.
Scarcity
Scarcity is when needs exceed available resources, depending on time, intelligence, etc. Scarcity is relative. For example: a state budget.
Economic Activity
Economic activity targets humans, satisfying needs with scarce resources and maximum use of media. How needs are satisfied by goods is the core of the economy. It implies:
- Production:
Classical Mythology and Renaissance Literature: Love and Loss
T+ and Poetic Reasons in Renaissance Literature
In the new position of Renaissance literature, ideals are drawn from Neoplatonism and the Italian-influenced classical literature of Petrarch. The main referent authors had two classics: in the bucolic, the model was Virgil, elaborated upon by the Italian Sannazaro; in odes and epistles, the poets were set in the main theme of Horace. In Renaissance lyrics, love is related to introspection and the poetic expression of suffering due to the absence or
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