Spain’s Biogeographic Regions: Vegetation, Soil & Landscapes
Biogeographic Regions of Spain
Vegetation
Floral vegetation is the set of plant species in an area. On Earth, there are great floristic sets, called floral kingdoms, which are subdivided into regions. The Iberian Peninsula is part of the Holarctic kingdom, comprising the mainland north of the Tropic of Cancer, and has three major regions: the boreal region, the alpine floral Euro-Siberian region, and the Mediterranean region. The Macaronesian region is also represented in the Canary Islands.
Factors
Read MoreSedimentary Rock Textures, Structures, and Uses
Sedimentary Rocks
Texture
Sedimentary Rocks texture can be classified as:
Clastic Rocks (Detrital)
Grains of different sizes and material that fill the gaps can be of detrital origin (womb) or of chemical (cement).
Not Clastic Rocks (Crystalline)
- Amorphous: As the size grainy clay.
- Crystals: Of any size but uniform.
- Piroblástica: Very large crystals in a cryptocrystalline.
- Microcrystalline pasta: Crystals not visible to the naked eye, looks like the first and the second most earthy flint.
Structure
The incidence
Read MoreKey Concepts in Physical and Human Geography
Physical Geography
Physical geography: studies landscapes and their characteristics without considering human intervention. This includes climates, waters, landforms, living beings, and the distribution of landscapes.
Scale of a Map
Scale of a map: the relationship between dimensions on a map and the real dimensions of the represented surface.
Parallels and Latitude
Parallel: circles with decreasing radius as they approach the poles, including the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Latitude:
Read MoreEnvironmental Impact: Biogeochemical Cycles, Pollution & Acid Rain
Biogeochemical Cycles
- Decomposition of organic matter for plant use.
- Plants incorporate nutrients from soil and water.
- Nutrients pass through the food web.
- Decomposers break down organic compounds.
Sources of Air Pollutants
- Uncontrolled industrial emissions and transport fumes.
- Coal and oil burning factories and power plants.
- Potential leaks from nuclear reactors.
- Poisonous gases from some plants (e.g., formaldehyde, chlorine).
- Metallurgical industry emissions.
- Waste incineration releasing methane (CO2), (
Industrial Processes, Materials, Energy, and Electronics
Item 1. Industrial Processes and Sustainable Development
Industrial Extraction
Provides primary materials.
Industrial Transformation
Makes industrial materials.
Industrial Elaboration
Products are manufactured for later use.
Transformation Industries
- Steel and Metallurgical: Different metals are obtained from minerals.
- Petrochemical: Separate and deal with oil compounds through artificial distillation.
- Timber: Using trunks and branches of trees, which are processed by grinding, cooking, and mixing.
- Textile
Sustainable Development and Earth’s Dynamic Processes
Management
- Reduction: Do not produce such waste.
- Reuse: If something can be used, use it for the same purpose.
- Recycling: Transforming waste.
Processing
- Waste for energy.
Composting
- Microorganisms form a compound, compost, an inorganic fertilizer used to improve soil properties.
Resources and Sustainable Development
- Resources: Material goods and services provided by nature undisturbed by human beings.
- Impacts: The alteration or effect that a particular human action produces on the environment in its various