Earth’s Energy: Sources, Transfer, and Phenomena
Energy
Energy Transfer Mechanisms
- Convection: Heat transfer by mass movement or circulation within a substance.
- Radiation: Energy emitted by matter at a given temperature, produced directly from the source outwards in all directions.
- Conduction: The only way to transfer heat in solids.
Forms of Energy Entry and Exit on Earth
Reflection and Radiation
Winds
Winds are the movement of air in the atmosphere, especially in the troposphere, due to natural causes. It is a meteorological phenomenon. The cause of
Read MoreOrganisms, Environment, and Climate Factors
Agencies and Environment
Organisms are categorized into domains:
- Bacteria: Unicellular and prokaryotic, most are surrounded by a cell wall. Some perform photosynthesis, primarily absorbing their food from the environment.
- Archaea: Prokaryotic and unicellular, many can survive in extreme conditions. Their method of feeding is by absorption.
- Eukarya:
- Protista: Eukaryotic, unicellular, may perform photosynthesis, ingest, or absorb their food. They often move using cilia or flagella.
- Fungi: Generally absorb
Wastewater Treatment: Key Concepts and Processes
Wastewater Treatment: Key Concepts
As SRT increases: Sbeff decreases and XH increases
What is the right definition of SRT? V/Qw
What is the process that inactivates pathogens in ozone disinfection? Breaking cellular membrane.
What is the coagulation process? Formation of micro-flocs from destabilized colloids.
What cations are responsible for the hardness of water? Mg2+ and Ca2+
If the partial pressure of a gas increases, the solubility in water of the gas: Increases
What type of particles are responsible
Wessex and Tumulus Cultures: Bronze Age Britain & Central Europe
Wessex Culture
The Wessex culture flourished in prehistoric Wessex, a region geographically located in the south of Great Britain during the Bronze Age. Chronologically, it developed particularly during the Early Bronze Age. Their burial practices included both inhumation and cremation, with or without burial mounds, either isolated or in groups. Around 1600 to 1400 BC, cremation became the dominant rite.
It is believed that the inhabitants lived in dwellings constructed from reeds and wood. The abundance
Read MoreMaterial Properties: Electrical, Chemical & More
Material Properties
Electrical Properties
c1) Electrical Conduction: Allows high levels of energy to be transferred, such as in airlines and power distribution transformers and motors.
c2) Semiconductor: Allows the transmission of electricity, subject to potential difference variables such as temperature. Germanium and silicon are alloyed with nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic.
c3) Electrical Insulation: Aims at no power transmission in very high electric fields, e.g., ceramics and polymers.
Magnetic
Read MoreLandforms Shaped by Water and Tectonic Forces
Landforms Shaped by Water Erosion
On hillsides or slopes, this model is given by wild waters or streams. Wild waters or streams occur on very steep slopes where there is little vegetation. The action of these waters gives modeled as fairy chimneys, gullies, or furrows on the earth.
Floods, in contrast, although there are also just as wild waters when it rains or snowmelt, have a channel that is divided into:
- Catchment area: Usually a lot of small grooves that carry the water.
- Drainage channel: Collects