Understanding Energy Sources: Types, Properties, and Applications

Understanding Energy Sources

Chemical Energy: The energy stored within the atoms that form molecules.

Electrical Energy: The energy resulting from the movement of electric charges.

Nuclear Energy: The energy that holds together the particles within the nuclei of atoms.

Radiant Energy: The energy transported by electromagnetic waves.

Sound Energy: The energy of vibration that travels through air molecules.

Classification of Energy Sources

By Nature:

  • Primary Sources: Found in nature (e.g., coal, firewood,
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Earth’s Interior: Heat, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Plate Tectonics

1. Earth’s Internal Heat

Geothermal Gradient: The Earth’s internal temperature increases with depth. The temperature rises approximately 30°C per kilometer.

Earth’s Internal Heat Source: The Earth’s internal heat originates from collisions during its formation approximately 4.5 billion years ago and from the decay of radioactive elements.

Internal Pressure and Temperature: Both temperature and pressure increase with depth within the Earth.

2. Signals of Earth’s Internal Heat

  • Volcanism: Molten rock (
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Understanding Natural Hazards and Seismic Risks

3. Classification of Risk Types: Natural, Social, and Technological Hazards. Natural hazards and risks are classified according to the type of agent that produces them: biological (pests and diseases), physical, and geological. Geological hazards include volcanic and seismic events, weather phenomena, etc. Geohazards encompass internal and external geological risks, such as seismic activity, tsunamis, volcanoes, deformation, subsidence, collapses, erosion, gravitational events, glaciers, rivers,

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Understanding Earth’s Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate

Earth’s Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate

Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the ground to an average height of 11 km. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere’s total mass of gases and 90% of its water vapor. This is where most meteorological phenomena occur, such as cloud formation, precipitation, and wind.

Other Atmospheric Layers

The other layers of the atmosphere include:

  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere

Unequal Distribution of Solar

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Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous Rocks: Types & Formation

Metamorphic Rocks

In some places within the Earth’s interior, rocks are under very high pressures and temperatures, but do not melt. Because of these conditions, the rocks change in texture and composition. These changes are called metamorphism.

Influence of Pressure

Due to the influence of pressure, the holes in the rocks are reduced. If they have crystals, elongated or flattened perpendicular planes are arranged in the dominant pressure direction. This creates sheets, a phenomenon called foliation.

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Energy Sources in Spain: A Detailed Analysis

Hydrocarbons

The boom in Spain was in the 1960s when the industry adopted oil as a low-cost energy source. Oil consumption has risen due to its use in transport, despite fluctuations in its price. Oil production in Spain is negligible and is located in central Iberia. Therefore, most of the oil is imported from other countries, with a large portion coming from the Middle East.

The primary use of oil is for the production of electricity in power plants. The main objective is to obtain oil derivatives

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