The Solar System: Planets and Beyond

The Solar System

The Earth is the center of the universe and turns around the sun, the moon. The sun is the center of the universe.

Characteristics of Planets

  • Its mass should be sufficient to give it a nearly spherical shape.
  • Must have cleared its orbit.

Composition of the Solar System

  • Sun: A sphere of glowing gases that releases energy through thermonuclear reactions in its core.
  • Planets: Celestial bodies orbiting the sun.
    • Inner Planets: (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars): Near the sun, small, rocky, and with
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Understanding Genetics, Chemistry: Key Terms & Concepts

Key Concepts in Genetics and Chemistry

Mendel experimented by extracting traits from garden peas containing plant cells, including germinal elements, and placing them in the female gamete. He selected only 22 varieties of peas.

A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides on one of the chromosomes, referenced to the scalar.

An allele is one of the alternative forms of a gene.

The genotype is an individual’s genetic content, their DNA.

The phenotype refers to the expression of the genotype in a specific

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Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Solutions

Environment

A set of physical-chemical, biological, and social components that can cause an effect on living beings.

Environmental Impact

The effects of the transformation of the natural environment.

Overexploitation of Plants and Animals

Ecosystem hunting has been replaced by captive breeding of species for common consumption. Fishing overexploitation occurs because the times required for the recovery of species are not respected. Agriculture removes endemic species to focus on monoculture of high

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Geological Eras: A Journey Through Time

Precambrian Era

The Precambrian era is characterized by the formation of crystalline basement rocks, which are the foundations of future continents. Glacial moraines indicate that the Canadian and Baltic masses were covered by an ice sheet. The era saw the emergence of chemical compounds, including organic compounds, which led to the formation of elementary bodies. The raw materials for processing would be the gases of the atmosphere (methane and ammonia) coupled with large shocks and radiation from

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Understanding Material Systems, Atmosphere, and Climate

A material system is a set of interrelated elements.

Homogeneous Systems

A homogeneous system is when its appearance is uniform, and the different components are not distinguished by the naked eye. It appears as a single substance.

Heterogeneous Systems

A heterogeneous system is when the components are distinguished at a glance and are formed by various substances.

Physical Processes

Physical processes are those that do not alter the substance.

Mixtures

Mixtures are systems where the different substances

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Marx, 19th-Century Transformations, and Intellectual Currents

19th Century: Context, Society, and Culture

Historical Context (HC)

Marx lived in the 19th century, a complex contemporary period. The 19th century saw significant changes and is known as the ‘Century of Revolutions’. The most important event that marked the beginning of this revolutionary era was the French Revolution. One of the causes of this revolution was the intellectual climate, with the influence of Enlightenment philosophers and Encyclopedists. This event unleashed a revolutionary movement

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