Coastal & Port Infrastructure Glossary: A to Z
Glossary of Coastal and Port Infrastructure
Accessibility
Chance of access or passage for pedestrians, vehicles, and/or the disabled from one sector to another.
Refine
Action planimetric information to supplement the numerical data of dimensions or levels in a project engineering or architecture. Place dimensions on the plans. (2) Demarcation; point out terms of a field.
Aquaculture
Cultivation of plants and aquatic animals for use or human consumption. / Activity aimed at the production of hydro-biological
Read MoreMineral Resources: Formation, Use, and Exploitation
Magmatic Mineral Resources
Magmatic processes, both internal (plutonic) and external (volcanic), form magmatic rocks through crystallization. Fractional crystallization and magma consolidation involve:
- Initial crystallization of iron and magnesium-rich minerals, resulting in dark-colored rocks.
- Depletion of silica, calcium, aluminum, and sodium in the magma.
- Crystallization of the remaining water-rich magma, forming hydrothermal water that carries dissolved metals, filling rock cracks and crystallizing.
Earth’s Structure, Plate Tectonics, and Rock Deformation
Rock Cycle
The rock cycle involves processes that modify rocks, transforming them into sediments. On the Earth’s surface, weathering breaks down rocks into sediments, which are transported by geological agents and accumulate in sedimentary basins. Within the Earth’s crust, high pressure and temperature transform sediments into rocks.
Factors within the Crust:
- Pressure: The weight of overlying rocks increases with depth.
- Temperature: Increases with depth, approximately 3°C per 100 meters.
- Compression
Spain’s Natural Environment: Hazards, Pollution, Conservation, and Climate
Nature and Environment in Spain
Natural hazards are environmental features that threaten human life or can produce catastrophic consequences. Geological risks originate from within the Earth or externally. Hydrometeorological hazards, such as floods, are frequently caused by heavy rainfall. Actions against these natural hazards include:
- Construction of infrastructure to mitigate common risks.
- Creation of welfare and surveillance systems.
- Implementation of emergency protocols by promoting natural risk
Evolution of Geographical Knowledge and its Subfields
Evolution of Scientific Knowledge
Prehistory: Agriculture, natural resources, and populations represented by humankind.
Antiquity: Anaximander’s world map, Earth’s sphericity, parallels and meridians, the geocentric model by Aristotle, Ptolemy, Eratosthenes, etc.
Middle Ages: Compass (Chinese), invention of zero (Maya), Al-Idrisi’s world map and 70 local maps, Ibn Battuta’s travels.
Renaissance: Evidence of Earth’s sphericity from Magellan’s voyages, invention of the telescope by Galileo Galilei, the
Read MoreSpain’s Water Diversity: Influencing Factors and Geographical Analysis
Diversity Strategy and Spain’s Biogeographical Influence Factors
Factors influencing Spain’s water diversity are:
– The weather: River, lake, and aquifer water originates from precipitation. A sharp contrast exists between wet and dry Spain.
– Relief and topography: These influence basin organization, erosive capacity, and the formation of lakes and aquifers.
– Lithology: Rock type and characteristics determine permeable (filtered water) and impermeable rocks (favoring runoff).
– Vegetation: This retains