Spain’s Water Diversity: Influencing Factors and Geographical Analysis

Diversity Strategy and Spain’s Biogeographical Influence Factors
Factors influencing Spain’s water diversity are:
The weather: River, lake, and aquifer water originates from precipitation. A sharp contrast exists between wet and dry Spain.
Relief and topography: These influence basin organization, erosive capacity, and the formation of lakes and aquifers.
Lithology: Rock type and characteristics determine permeable (filtered water) and impermeable rocks (favoring runoff).
Vegetation: This retains

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Environmental Systems and Impacts

Causal Relationships in Ecosystems

Causal systems involve interactions or causal relationships, which can be simple or complex.

Simple Causal Relationships

These involve a direct, unilateral influence of one variable on another.

  • Direct: An increase or decrease in one variable causes the same change in another (e.g., increased atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to increased plant biomass).
  • Inverse: An increase or decrease in one variable causes the opposite change in another (e.g., increased forest cover
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Ecology Fundamentals: Exploring Ecosystems and Their Interactions

Ecology Fundamentals

Food

Establishing relationships with their living environment for the matter and energy needed for nourishment.

Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers

  • Producers (Autotrophs): Manufacture their own organic matter from inorganic substances.
  • Consumers (Heterotrophs): Feed on living organic matter. Types include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
  • Decomposers (Heterotrophs): Feed on detritus and turn it into inorganic matter.

Food Chain

A series of linearly ordered organisms.

Food Web

A

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Climate Change Impacts and Natural Hazards

Evidence of Global Warming

Retreating glaciers (in recent decades, glaciers have receded, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, also affecting the ice or frost layer covering polar oceans, losing 40% of their thickness), rising sea levels (currently 3mm annually due to melting ice), increased global temperature (reflected in the above), more frequent extreme weather events (droughts, floods, and heat waves are more common), and living organisms modifying their behavior and distribution (migrations

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Beach Formation and Sediment Composition

Beach Formation

A beach is a deposit of unconsolidated sediments, ranging from sand to gravel (excluding mud, typically found in alluvial plains or mangrove coasts). It extends from the base of the dune or vegetation line to a depth where sediment movement ceases. This depth varies depending on beach bathymetry, geomorphology, and wave action.

Sediment Composition

Beach sediments vary in composition depending on their source:

  • Lithogenic/Terrigenous Sediments: Originate from the Earth’s crust. These
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Earth’s Dynamic Processes and Atmospheric Phenomena

Unit 7: Earth’s Structure and Processes

Earth’s Layers

Core: The inner zone of higher temperature and density, occupying 17% of Earth’s volume. The high temperature is due to the disintegration of uranium and other radioactive elements.

Mantle: Occupies 82% of Earth’s volume with a density slightly lower than the core. Mostly solid except for the asthenosphere, located between the mantle and crust. Convection currents within the asthenosphere move the tectonic plates of the lithosphere.

Lithosphere

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