Earth’s Atmosphere: Composition and Layers

Earth’s Atmosphere

Origin of the Atmosphere

There are different scenarios. According to the planetesimal theory, the atmosphere was formed by gases emitted by volcanoes as the Earth grew in size and could retain them by the force of gravity. The primitive atmosphere, composed of hydrogen and helium, gradually changed. The current atmosphere formed slowly as our planet cooled, with gases from volcanoes, geysers, and fumaroles. Oxygen was produced by the great primeval forests.

Layers of the Atmosphere

  • Troposphere:
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Energy Sources: Fossil Fuels and Renewables

What is Energy?

Energy is the ability to do work.

What is an Energy Source?

An energy source is a material that provides energy.

What is the Main Source of Energy? Why is it Important?

The Sun. It makes life possible on our planet.

Energy Classification

Based on availability:

  • Renewable: Solar, wind, hydro, geothermal.
  • Non-renewable: Oil, natural gas, coal.

Which Energy Resources are Used the Most?

Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal).

What is a Fossil Fuel?

Fossil fuels are not renewable sources of energy in

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Earth’s Dynamic Systems: Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere

Earth’s Dynamic Systems

The Earth is a dynamic planet with an atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The composition of the atmosphere has changed greatly over Earth’s history and continues to do so. Nitrogen makes up 78%, and oxygen a significant percentage, with minority gases also present. Some gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane, control the climate and are essential for life as greenhouse gases. The hydrosphere and atmosphere continually exchange matter and energy through

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Earth’s Formation and Internal Structure: A Deep Dive

The Formation of Earth

The history of Earth dates back to the origins of the solar system, when it was barely beginning to differentiate as a planet. Reconstructing this complex stage is challenging due to the limited traces of the events that occurred.

[So came the Earth and its internal structure]

1The solar nebula, like all nebulae, must have been constituted of cosmic gases and dust. Initially, this process was slow.

2Under the influence of gravity, the nebula contracted, spinning more quickly and

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Spain’s Water Resources: Resources and Claims

Water Resources and Claims Management in Spain

Item 3 – RESOURCES AND CLAIMS MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN:

GROUNDWATER AQUIFER O: underground layer where they accumulate infiltrated water in quantity, usually rocky waterproof.

INPUT: the total amount of water draining a watershed year.

Endorheic AREA: that area where the water is not dumped at sea, but in lakes, ponds or rivers. Is a closed basin, characteristic of offshore areas.

CAUCE: bed of a river and canal to carry water for land.

BASIN: surface water which

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Recycling Organic Matter, Glass, Paper, Wood, Steel, and Aluminum

Recycling Organic Matter (Compost)

Organic matter (compost) is a substance resulting from the moist, aerobic fermentation of organic fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the presence of oxygen. This process achieves two key objectives: reducing the vast quantities of garbage generated daily and producing a product that can improve and recover soils for cultivation. The quality of compost depends on three factors: the quality of the organic matter, the biological fermentation process, and the

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