Spanish Peninsular Relief: Formation and Characteristics

Characteristics of the Spanish Peninsular Relief

The relief is the set of forms presented by the Earth’s surface, which are dynamically constructed and destroyed. It is solid-form and determined by the width and extension of the coast. The rectilinear layout offers few refuges for navigation. The high average altitude is due to the extensive existence of a central plateau, and mountain ranges that cross the peninsular territory. The average altitude is 660m, with some areas reaching 1300m, making

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Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Ecosystems

Conditions or Environmental Factors in One Place

Abiotic Factors

  • Physics: Light and shadow, wind, barometric pressure, altitude, solar radiation.
  • Chemicals: The amount of air and soil water, salinity, dissolved oxygen.

Biotic Factors

  • Intraspecific: Family association, colonial, social, gregarious.
  • Interspecific: Mutualism, commensalism, renters, predation.

Abiotic Factors Determining the Terrestrial Environment

  • Light: The main source of energy in most ecosystems and
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Water Treatment and Building Plumbing: Essential Practices

Water Treatment Processes

44. What Is the Purpose of Aeration in Drinking Water?

Aeration is the process by which water is placed in intimate contact with air to amend the concentrations of dissolved gases or volatile substances.

45. Water Sample Analysis: Clay Particles in Suspension

When analyzing a water sample, a high concentration of clay particles in suspension is observed. What correction treatments should be applied to the water from which the sample was taken?

Filtration

46. Bad Smell in a Disused

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Waterborne Diseases, Treatment, and Environmental Health

Waterborne Diseases

Water serves as a transport agent for pathogens eliminated by humans through manure.

Biological Agents (Ingestion)

  • Typhoid
  • Paratyphoid
  • Cholera
  • Giardiasis

Chemical Agents

  • Fluorosis (excessive fluoride)
  • Lead Poisoning
  • Metahemoglobinemia (nitrate)

Water Quality

  • Physical impurities: related to color, odor, and flavor.
  • Chemical impurities: dissolved substances resulting from the presence of water.
  • Biological impurities: pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria).

Public Water Supply System

  • Capture:
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Terrestrial Biomes: Climate, Altitude, and Vegetation

The distribution of living beings on the Earth’s surface in the ecosphere is conditioned by several factors, including climate, mountain barriers, soil type, altitude (height above sea level), and latitude (distance to the Equator). The most significant factor is the weather, which is determined especially by temperature and precipitation.

Altitude and latitude affect temperature and precipitation. The main terrestrial biomes on the planet are:

  • Tundra
  • Taiga
  • Grassland
  • Desert
  • Laurisilva
  • Mediterranean forest
  • Deciduous
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Prehistoric Architecture: Megaliths, Dwellings, and Burials

Prehistoric Architecture

Prehistoric architecture refers to the earliest architectural structures of which remnants still exist. Prehistoric buildings can be broadly classified into two categories:

Megalithic Constructions

Derived from the Greek words megas (large) and lithos (stone), these structures are characterized by enormous blocks of uncut or roughly hewn stone. They are either found buried in the ground or forming a lintel structure with two upright stones supporting a horizontal stone. Notably,

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