Wastewater and Waste Management Fundamentals
Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
A Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a facility where a set of purification and treatment systems are applied to wastewater. The goal is to enable its reuse, decontamination, and safe disposal into the environment or directly into the sea, without risks to health.
WWTP Schematic
Water Line:
- Pretreatment
- Primary Treatment
- Secondary Treatment
- Tertiary Treatment
- Disinfection
Sludge Line:
- Sludge Thickening
- Sludge Stabilization
Key Definitions and Procedures
Population
In the context
Read MoreCordoba Mosque: Mihrab, Sabat, and Treasury Architecture
Architectural Divisions of the Great Mosque
On either side of the wall, two distinct spaces were created:
The Sabat: Passage to the Caliph’s Palace
Turning right (west) led to a passage towards the Alcazar or the Government Palace. This Sabat function allowed the Caliph to enter the Maksura without having to go outside the complex.
The Treasury: Safeguarding Mosque Riches
Turning left (east) was intended to house the mosque’s treasure. This included money, jewelry, gold, and especially the minbar. This
Magma Differentiation and Metamorphism in Rocks
Fractional Crystallization: As magma cools, its components begin to crystallize, forming minerals. Crystals form over time but successively. As magma cools and pressure changes, different minerals crystallize at different temperatures. This process, fractional crystallization, leads to the separation of solid phases from the liquid magma. The solid phases consist of minerals that have already crystallized, while the liquid phase is formed from remaining minerals, water, and gases.
Magma Differentiation:
Read MoreDisk Drive Logical Structure: MS-DOS 2.0 File System
Logical Structure of Disk Drives
This section details the logical structure of disk drives and their interrelation with diskettes, summarizing the different BIOS functions that notify and allow access to them.
Internally, hard drives can be divided into several homogeneous volumes. Within each volume, the primary structures of the MS-DOS 2.0 operating system are as follows:
- Boot Sector
- File Allocation Table (FAT)
- Copies of the FAT
- Root Directory (eventually with a volume label)
- Data Area and Subdirectories
As
Read MoreUnderstanding Geological Hazards and Risk Management
Erosion Risks and Impacts
Erosion is the starting and removal of materials from an area due to eroding agents involved in external geological processes, such as surface water, glaciers, wind, etc.
Erosion risk can constitute a threat for two main reasons:
Loss of Vital Resources
The most significant impact is the loss of soil, a vital resource for the development of vegetation, ecosystems, and crops, which can lead to desertification.
Impact of Mobilized Materials
When surface water starts and carries
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