Dental Material Properties: Stress, Strain, and Biocompatibility

Understanding Dental Material Properties

What is Stress?

Stress is the internal reaction of an object to an external force that attempts to deform it. It has equal intensity but acts in the opposite direction to the external force. Stress can be caused by:

  • Traction: Pulling the object
  • Compression: Compressing the object
  • Shear: Compressing the object, but not along the same line

What Can Happen to a Filling?

A filling can:

  • Break
  • Fall out
  • Wear down
  • Become distorted
  • Remain intact

What is Strain? What is Recoverable

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Weathering, Mass Wasting, and Soil Formation

Chapter 4: Weathering and Mass Wasting

Types of Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

The breaking of rocks into smaller pieces.

Chemical Weathering

The chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.

Factors Affecting Weathering Rate

Important Factors:

  • Climate: Temperature and moisture are the most crucial factors. Chemical weathering is most effective in warm, moist climates.

Weathering Products of Granite

  • Potassium feldspar produces clay minerals, soluble salt (potassium bicarbonate), and silica
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Understanding Water Flow in Natural and Artificial Channels

Understanding Water Flow in Channels

Natural vs. Artificial Channels

To calculate using equations of Saint-Venant, consider the following:

  • Cauce Natural Irregularity: Track Section Slope Roughness
  • To study the movement of water in natural channels, it is necessary to divide it into homogeneous sections obtained by mathematical formulation values of hydraulic variables in each section.

RIVER HYDRAULIC: Focuses on the study of flow variations due to weather and mobility of the bed.

ARTIFICIAL CAUCE Canal:

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Natural Resources: Exploitation, Types, and Hazards

Natural Resources and Their Exploitation

Natural resources and their exploitation are elements of nature used by society, with its technology, for their benefit. Resources can be renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources have short periods of time needed for recovery. Non-renewable resources will run out as consumed, and renewal cycles are long. Human activity is producing the overexploitation of certain natural resources.

Types of Natural Resources

Water Resources: Water is a basic resource

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Earth’s Dynamic Systems: Climate, Structure, Plate Tectonics

Greenhouse Gases and Earth’s Climate

Greenhouse gases are transparent to visible radiation from the sun but opaque to the infrared radiation that the planet emits. This property influences Earth’s climate.

The Greenhouse Effect Explained

The greenhouse effect is a rise in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface. This occurs because certain gases (like carbon oxides from industrial combustion and other greenhouse gases) trap heat radiation, making it difficult for heat to dissipate,

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Ancient Greek Architecture: Temples, Orders, and City Planning

Origins in the Aegean

Background: Early architectural developments occurred on the island of Crete, situated between the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. The Minoan Civilization (Neolithic, Bronze Age) flourished through trade and maritime supremacy. This influenced the subsequent Mycenaean culture in the Peloponnese.

Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture

Key Characteristics

These early cultures constructed palaces, mansions, private homes, and tombs, often with complex, almost labyrinthine layouts. Buildings

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