Environmental Impacts and Sustainable Solutions

Environment

A set of physical-chemical, biological, and social components that can cause an effect on living beings.

Environmental Impact

The effects of the transformation of the natural environment.

Overexploitation of Plants and Animals

Ecosystem hunting has been replaced by captive breeding of species for common consumption. Fishing overexploitation occurs because the times required for the recovery of species are not respected. Agriculture removes endemic species to focus on monoculture of high

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Geological Eras: A Journey Through Time

Precambrian Era

The Precambrian era is characterized by the formation of crystalline basement rocks, which are the foundations of future continents. Glacial moraines indicate that the Canadian and Baltic masses were covered by an ice sheet. The era saw the emergence of chemical compounds, including organic compounds, which led to the formation of elementary bodies. The raw materials for processing would be the gases of the atmosphere (methane and ammonia) coupled with large shocks and radiation from

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Understanding Material Systems, Atmosphere, and Climate

A material system is a set of interrelated elements.

Homogeneous Systems

A homogeneous system is when its appearance is uniform, and the different components are not distinguished by the naked eye. It appears as a single substance.

Heterogeneous Systems

A heterogeneous system is when the components are distinguished at a glance and are formed by various substances.

Physical Processes

Physical processes are those that do not alter the substance.

Mixtures

Mixtures are systems where the different substances

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Marx, 19th-Century Transformations, and Intellectual Currents

19th Century: Context, Society, and Culture

Historical Context (HC)

Marx lived in the 19th century, a complex contemporary period. The 19th century saw significant changes and is known as the ‘Century of Revolutions’. The most important event that marked the beginning of this revolutionary era was the French Revolution. One of the causes of this revolution was the intellectual climate, with the influence of Enlightenment philosophers and Encyclopedists. This event unleashed a revolutionary movement

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Central Chile’s Diverse Ecosystems: Forests, Scrub & Climate

Central Chile’s Diverse Ecosystems

Sclerophyllous Forest and Scrub

Region of Central Chile: Mountain region from the 31st parallel south (LS) Biobio to the Imperial rivers. Features Andean summits. The maritime basin prevents penetration and acts as a rain shadow, especially south of Nahuelbuta.

Key Difference: Broad-leaved evergreen sclerophyllous forest and broad-leaved evergreen sclerophyllous scrub. Broad-leaved evergreen sclerophyllous forest (sclerophyll: hard and tough leaf that reduces water

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Earth’s Structure and Landforms: A Comprehensive Overview

Earth’s Structure and Composition

The Earth is a sphere, slightly oblate at the poles, and divided into three main zones.

The Mantle

The mantle is composed of various materials, some of which are partially melted and known as magma.

The Nucleus

The nucleus is divided into two layers: an inner core, which is solid, and an outer core, containing molten material.

The Crust

The crust varies significantly in thickness. In some areas, it is very thick, forming the continents. In other areas, it is much thinner,

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