Geological Principles, Extinctions, and Rock Deformation
Geological Principles
- Original Horizontality
- Superposition
- Lateral Continuity
- Cross-cutting Relationships
- Baked Contacts
- Inclusions
- Fossil Succession
Types of Unconformity
- Angular Unconformity
- Nonconformity
- Disconformity
The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE)
The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) was the introduction of free oxygen into our atmosphere. It was caused by cyanobacteria doing photosynthesis.
Mass Extinction Events
Ordovician-Silurian (443 Ma)
- 3rd largest, two peaks
- Trilobites, brachiopods, and graptolites. 85%
Workplace Safety: Regulations and Best Practices
Workplace Safety: An Overview
The workplace encompasses all areas of a center, whether built or not, intended for workers to access for their job. This includes toilets, restrooms, first aid, meal areas, and service installations outside the workplace, such as boiler rooms and elevators.
The employer must take steps to ensure the workplace does not create security risks or hazards, and that risks are minimized. The workplace must meet minimum requirements in terms of construction characteristics,
Read MoreUnderstanding Environmental Impacts, Climate Change, and Natural Hazards
Environmental Impacts and Natural Hazards
Environmental Impact: Changes caused by living things.
Environmental Risk: Irreparable damage to the environment.
Natural Processes: Events such as volcanoes, droughts, and earthquakes.
Anthropogenic Processes: Pollution and arson caused by human activity.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to global shifts in Earth’s climate, including variations in temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns, as well as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events
Read MoreUnderstanding Soil Profiles, Degradation, and Land Use
Soil Profile: Horizon A
Horizon washed or leached, dark tone. Poor, rich in mineral-humus soluble. 3 sublevels:
- A0: Raw humus-rich
- A1: Rich in humus
- A2: Predominant minerals on the humus
Horizon B
Precipitate dissolved salts of Horizon A tones. Shortage of organic richness of mineral salts.
Horizon C
Bedrock weathering process. Two sublevels:
- C1: Horizon Bedrock transition, more or less disintegrated
- C2: Horizon D or horizon R. The full Bedrock deeper.
Land Use
Each kind of soil is suitable for exploitation
Read MoreEnergy Use: Fuels, Electricity, and Power Production
Form and Energy Use
Either to perform daily activities, energy use is required. In other times, people could only resort to physical effort, animals, firewood, the force of air, or water. But fossil fuels contribute the most.
Fuels
Special combustibles with high energetic power, from wood to fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or gas, are used directly for cooking, heating, etc.
Electricity
Most machines and devices that we commonly use work with electric power. Inside, it transforms into light, sound,
Read MoreUnderstanding Fluid Mechanics, Materials, and Earth Science
Fluid Mechanics is the branch of continuum mechanics (which in turn is a branch of physics) that studies the motion of fluids (gases and liquids) and the forces that cause them. A fundamental feature that defines a fluid is its inability to resist shear (which causes a lack of defined shape). It also studies the interactions between the fluid and the boundary that limits it.
The Strength of Materials is a discipline of mechanical engineering and structural engineering that studies deformable solids
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