Dental Material Properties: Stress, Strain, and Biocompatibility
Understanding Dental Material Properties
What is Stress?
Stress is the internal reaction of an object to an external force that attempts to deform it. It has equal intensity but acts in the opposite direction to the external force. Stress can be caused by:
- Traction: Pulling the object
- Compression: Compressing the object
- Shear: Compressing the object, but not along the same line
What Can Happen to a Filling?
A filling can:
- Break
- Fall out
- Wear down
- Become distorted
- Remain intact
What is Strain? What is Recoverable
Read MoreWeathering, Mass Wasting, and Soil Formation
Chapter 4: Weathering and Mass Wasting
Types of Weathering
Mechanical Weathering
The breaking of rocks into smaller pieces.
Chemical Weathering
The chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.
Factors Affecting Weathering Rate
Important Factors:
- Climate: Temperature and moisture are the most crucial factors. Chemical weathering is most effective in warm, moist climates.
Weathering Products of Granite
- Potassium feldspar produces clay minerals, soluble salt (potassium bicarbonate), and silica
Understanding Water Flow in Natural and Artificial Channels
Understanding Water Flow in Channels
Natural vs. Artificial Channels
To calculate using equations of Saint-Venant, consider the following:
- Cauce Natural Irregularity: Track Section Slope Roughness
- To study the movement of water in natural channels, it is necessary to divide it into homogeneous sections obtained by mathematical formulation values of hydraulic variables in each section.
RIVER HYDRAULIC: Focuses on the study of flow variations due to weather and mobility of the bed.
ARTIFICIAL CAUCE Canal:
Read MoreNatural Resources: Exploitation, Types, and Hazards
Natural Resources and Their Exploitation
Natural resources and their exploitation are elements of nature used by society, with its technology, for their benefit. Resources can be renewable or non-renewable. Renewable resources have short periods of time needed for recovery. Non-renewable resources will run out as consumed, and renewal cycles are long. Human activity is producing the overexploitation of certain natural resources.
Types of Natural Resources
Water Resources: Water is a basic resource
Read MoreEarth’s Dynamic Systems: Climate, Structure, Plate Tectonics
Greenhouse Gases and Earth’s Climate
Greenhouse gases are transparent to visible radiation from the sun but opaque to the infrared radiation that the planet emits. This property influences Earth’s climate.
The Greenhouse Effect Explained
The greenhouse effect is a rise in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface. This occurs because certain gases (like carbon oxides from industrial combustion and other greenhouse gases) trap heat radiation, making it difficult for heat to dissipate,
Read MoreAncient Greek Architecture: Temples, Orders, and City Planning
Origins in the Aegean
Background: Early architectural developments occurred on the island of Crete, situated between the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. The Minoan Civilization (Neolithic, Bronze Age) flourished through trade and maritime supremacy. This influenced the subsequent Mycenaean culture in the Peloponnese.
Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture
Key Characteristics
These early cultures constructed palaces, mansions, private homes, and tombs, often with complex, almost labyrinthine layouts. Buildings
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