Skin and Mucosal Immunity: Extracellular vs Intracellular

Posted by on Mar 20, 2025 in Health Biology | 0 comments

Extracellular Pathogens – Skin

When an extracellular pathogen enters through the skin, the innate immune system activates several responses to detect and eliminate it:

  • Pathogen Recognition: Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) like TLR2 and TLR4 detect Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface.
  • Inflammation: Macrophages and keratinocytes release pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) to recruit immune cells.
  • Phagocytosis and Antigen Presentation: Macrophages and Dendritic
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