America’s Transformation: WWI, Wilson, and the Expansion of Federal Power
The United States and World War I: A Pivotal Transition
The United States’ involvement in World War I (WWI), or the Great War, marked a pivotal transition in American history. This period was characterized by an initial commitment to neutrality, a rapid mobilization under the banner of Progressive ideals and moral imperialism, and a subsequent descent into political repression and international disillusionment. From 1916 to 1920, the nation shifted dramatically, expanding the scope of federal government
Read MoreKey Events of the Cold War and Franco’s Spain
Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975)
Two Periods:
1939–1959: Autarky and Isolationism
- April 1, 1939: Franco ends the war. Spain remained neutral in WWII.
- 1946: The UN condemned Spain.
- 1952: End of rationing.
- 1953: Military and economic agreements between Spain and the United States.
- 1955: Spain becomes a member of the UN.
1959–1975: Development and Opening
- 1959: Stabilization plan; development of industry and consumption. ETA is founded.
- 1966: Press law: Censorship remained, but it was more flexible.
- 1969:
Key Dynasties and Concepts of Early Imperial China
Foundations of Imperial China (1600 BCE – 705 CE)
This glossary defines key dynasties, philosophies, and cultural milestones that shaped early Chinese civilization, from the Bronze Age Shang Dynasty through the cosmopolitan Tang era.
Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600–221 BCE)
Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE)
The first historically confirmed Chinese dynasty centered along the Yellow River. It was ruled by kings claiming divine authority and is known for:
- Bronze metallurgy
- Oracle bones
- Urbanization
- Ancestor
World History: League of Nations and Totalitarianism’s Rise
League of Nations: Formation, Structure, and Failure
1. Formation of the League of Nations (स्थापना)
प्रथम विश्व युद्ध (1914–1918) के बाद दुनिया में शांति बनाए रखने की ज़रूरत महसूस हुई।
- अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति Woodrow Wilson ने अपने Fourteen Points (1918) में एक अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठन
Origins and Key Events of the French Revolution
The bourgeois revolution enabled the bourgeoisie to gain political power and a social status which had only been available to the nobility under the Ancien Régime.
The French Revolution (1789–1804)
The French Revolution was a period of violent political and social change, which saw the abolition of the absolute monarchy and the end of the estates system of the Ancien Régime. It is considered to be the first European bourgeois revolution.
Causes of the French Revolution
The Influence of the Enlightenment
French
Read MoreThe Russian Revolution: Tsarist Collapse and Bolshevik Power (1900-1924)
Tsarist Russia: Features and Instability (1900–1917)
Political, Economic, and Social Features of Tsarist Russia
Tsarist Russia was an autocratic regime ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. Politically, it lacked democratic institutions and repressed opposition parties. The Duma had very limited power. Economically, industrialization was uneven, and most of the population were poor peasants. Socially, society remained hierarchical, with the aristocracy dominating and the peasantry living in poverty. The country
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