1876 Law Abolishing Basque Fueros Under Alfonso XII
21 July 1876 Law
The text we have this time is a letter in which several articles from a legal law are kept. It deals with the matter of eliminating the Basque Fueros. It was written by the Spanish Courts and the king in force, Alfonso XII, in 1876, after the end of the 3rd Carlist War.
Context of the Carlist Wars
In the 1st Carlist War, Basque people supported Carlists in order to maintain the Fueros. As Carlists were defeated, some reforms were made in those Fueros. After the Glorious Revolution
Read MoreFrench Revolution: Causes, Events, and Aftermath
Situation in France Before the Revolution
Ancient Regime:
- Society: Estate-based, with 3 estates. The 1st and 2nd estates were privileged, while the 3rd estate was non-privileged.
- Economy: Based on agriculture, using old methods and systems. Privileged estates owned most of the land.
- Politics: Absolutism; the monarch held all political power.
New Ideas Like the Enlightenment:
- Society: Promoted natural rights such as equality and liberty, and freedom of thought and expression.
- Economy: Advocated for the
Franco Dictatorship Era: Economy, Politics, and Repression
The Franco Dictatorship (1936–1975)
Economic Policy
During the Franco regime, the Spanish economy aimed for self-sufficiency. While imports were minimal and highly priced, domestic production was prioritized. Franco established fixed prices for most products, leading to issues like black markets and rationing systems. The National Institute of Industry (INI) was created, but foreign industry struggled to gain a foothold.
Political Structure
The political system transitioned from democracy to a dictatorship
Read MoreNATO: History, Structure and Missions
NATO: History, Structure and Missions
Created in 1949, at the beginning of the Cold War. The Washington Treaty established the alliance. 29 members (Europe and North America). Type: Military Alliance. NATO organizes regular summits for leaders of its member states and partnerships.
Founding and Cold War Era
1st period (1949–1989): Enemy: Warsaw Pact (1955). This military alliance was led by the Soviet Union. In 1966, Charles de Gaulle decided to withdraw from NATO’s integrated military command. During
Read MoreKey Industrial Revolution Inventions and Social Movements
Technological Innovations
- Enclosures: The process by which open fields, shared by a community, were turned into private, fenced properties by new English landowners.
- Spinning Jenny: A spinning frame invented by James Hargreaves in 1764.
- Power Loom: Patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785.
- Self-Acting Spinning Mule: A factory machine introduced by Richard Roberts in 1830, allowing one person to spin several threads of yarn simultaneously.
- Steamboat: Created by Robert Fulton in 1807, this invention applied
Key Events of the French Revolution Timeline
French Revolution Key Events Timeline
| When | What | Why? |
|---|---|---|
| May 1789 | The Estates General and The National Assembly | An assembly of representatives from the three Estates was called to vote on taxation. King Louis XVI sought to change the taxation system so that all Estates would pay taxes (he needed more money). The voting system was unfair: each Estate had only one vote, despite the unequal representation (303 Nobility, 291 Clergy, 610 Third Estate). The Third Estate demanded one-person, one-vote, but the other |