Foundations of Modern Europe: Absolutism, Revolutions, Nationalism
The Old Regime: Society & Economy
- False: Industry was the most important activity of the Old Regime. Instead, crop agriculture and livestock farming were the dominant economic activities.
- False: When a noble died, his land became the property of the king. Instead, it became the property of the eldest son (due to primogeniture).
- False: Guilds controlled most of the agrarian activity. Guilds primarily regulated urban crafts and trades, while agrarian activity was dominated by feudal or manorial systems.
American Revolution Study Essentials: Key People, Events, Terms
American Revolution Study Essentials
Exam Format and Scoring
This assessment includes 10 matching questions and 20 selected-response questions. Each question is worth 3 points.
Key People, Events, and Terms to Identify
Please be prepared to identify the following individuals, events, and terms. Note: You must know the dates for all starred (*) terms.
Continental Army
(p. 165) The American military force led by George Washington. Initially untrained and undersupplied, they received crucial training from Read MoreJohn Locke: Architect of Modern Liberalism
John Locke: Architect of Modern Liberalism (1632-1704)
Historical Context and Influences
To understand the motivations and intellectual development of John Locke, it is essential to first examine the historical context in which he lived. Locke experienced struggles similar to those of Thomas Hobbes. A defining experience that was instrumental in shaping Locke’s ideological thinking was Cromwell’s dictatorship. One of Locke’s primary objectives was to avoid tyranny (in the modern sense) and preserve
Read MoreSpain’s Early 20th Century: Alfonso XIII to Primo de Rivera
Spain Under Alfonso XIII (1902-1923)
The reign of Alfonso XIII began in 1902, marking a period of significant political and social upheaval in Spain.
Economic and Social Conditions
Worker conditions remained very poor in the early 20th century. This led to the emergence of spontaneous protests by industrial workers, often met with repression. Early labor movements formed to protect workers’ rights, culminating in the first general strikes.
Maura’s Conservative Government (1907-1909)
Following political
Read MoreOrigins of World War II: Path to Global Conflict
Causes of World War II
The origin and nature of the First World War created a new international order after the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty, by fostering a climate of animosity and humiliation between nations, sowed deep resentment. Many nations, like Italy and Japan, did not accept the impositions of Versailles and sought revenge.
The economic crisis of 1929 created a context of global depression, favoring the rise of fascist ideologies. Leaders like Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany
Read MoreSpanish Workers’ Movements: Anarchism and Socialism (1874-1910)
The Genesis of Spanish Workers’ Movements
Anarchism: From Dissolution to Reorganization (1874-1881)
In 1874, a decree dissolved the Spanish section of the Workers’ International Association (AIT) following the coup by General Pavía. By 1881, a new political landscape emerged as anarchism was re-legalized under Sagasta’s government.
Key Outcomes of Anarchist Reorganization
- Geographically dispersed associations began to reorganize.
- The Spanish Regional Federation of Workers (FTRE) was established to address