The Caliphate of Cordoba and the Visigoths in Al-Andalus
Caliphate of Cordoba
. Building disputes of the Visigoths, the Muslims in 711 landed in Gibraltar and defeat at the Battle of Guadalete the army of Don Rodrigo. In two years conquered the entire peninsula except for some parts of the Gaza coast and the Pyrenees. Usually signed contract which allowed the won to keep their land in exchange for the payment of taxes. The rapidity of the conquest was partly due to Muslim tolerance towards Christians and Jews and the disinterest of the majority of people
Read MoreMedieval Courts: Origin, Parliaments, and Representative Assemblies
Medieval Courts
I. The Origin of the Courts
A) THE EMERGENCE OF PARLIAMENTS IN EUROPE
1. Scientific and Political Reasons for this Study
The collapse of the Old Regime during the French Revolution ushered in nineteenth-century Europe into a constitutional state. This new era saw the overcoming of political absolutism by controlling the power of the people represented in assemblies. Additionally, the Romantic movement was deeply interested in the Middle Ages.
These two interconnected phenomena caused
Read MoreKey Events of Franco’s Regime and the Spanish Transition
Franco’s Regime and the Spanish Transition
Major Political and Economic Events
Case Mates (1969)
One of Spain’s largest political and economic scandals during the late Franco dictatorship. The scandal erupted on July 23, 1969, when the Customs director filed a complaint, leading to the imprisonment of businessman Juan Vila Reyes.
Basic Laws
A set of eight laws governing state powers during Franco’s regime. These laws, more akin to a charter than a constitution, were neither drafted nor approved by elected
Read MoreInterjections, Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions in Spanish Grammar
Interjections and Interjectional Phrases
What are Interjections?
Interjections are words that express feelings caused by what we see, hear, feel, remember, want, or desire.
Common Interjections
- Ah
- Ay
- Bah!
- Ea!
- Hey
- Oh
- Ojalá!
- Puff!
- Ugh!
Other Words Used as Interjections
We can use words that are nouns, verbs, adverbs, etc., as interjections:
- Come on!
- Bravo!
- Good!
- Careful!
- Yes!
- Alas!
- Magnifico!
Functions of Interjections
Interjections express emotions:
- Good!
- Olé!
They can also be used for greetings, farewells, or acknowledgements:
Read MoreThe Spanish Civil War: Political & International Conflict, Causes & Consequences
The Spanish Civil War: Political and International Conflict
The Outbreak of the War
The Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936, following a coup against the Second Spanish Republic. This period in Europe was marked by significant international tension, preceding the outbreak of World War II. Mussolini’s Italy and Hitler’s Germany, both in power, rejected democracy, parliamentary systems, human rights, and economic liberalism. Nazi Germany’s territorial expansion in Europe was met with appeasement
Read MoreWorld War I: Causes, Battles, and Consequences
The First World War
Causes of the War
1. Territorial Confrontations
- Alsace-Lorraine: Confrontation between France and Germany over the Alsace-Lorraine region (controlled by Germany).
- Balkan Peninsula: Russia and Austria-Hungary were concerned about the instability in the Balkans and competed for influence in the region.
The confrontation between Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, along with the internal problems of the Balkans, led to the Balkan Crisis.
Balkan Crisis:
Crisis of 1908: Austria-
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