Architects and Leaders of the Second Spanish Republic
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1877–1949)
Alcalá-Zamora was twice a Liberal minister in the monarchy, shifting his allegiance to the Republicans during the dictatorship. This move attracted moderate and Catholic groups to his party. He was president of the Republican Committee and was jailed in 1930. After the Republic was proclaimed, he became the first Head of Government in 1931, resigning when the approved constitutional articles relating to religious freedom were passed. However, two months later,
Read MoreMajor Themes in Canadian History: 1900s to 1984
Unit 1: Defining Canadian Identity
Core Elements of Canadian Identity
- Culture, institutions, and artifacts
- Commitment to peacekeeping
- Multiculturalism
- Themes related to being the “Best country to live”
Immigration and Multiculturalism
- Newcomers reshape Canada
- Multicultural policy implementation
- Diversity challenges
The Women’s Movement
- Pursuit of gender equality
- Workplace rights
- Political rights
Aboriginal Rights (Indigenous Rights)
- Land claims
- Self-government initiatives
- Addressing historical injustices
Social
Read MoreIndustrialization, Imperialism, World War I and the Russian Revolution
Unit 5 — Industrialization: Britain and Spain
British Industrialization Characteristics
- Abundance of coal.
- Significant population growth, which helped develop a domestic market.
- Urban growth and a massive rural exodus.
- The bourgeoisie played a very important role in society.
- A vast colonial empire.
- Advanced political system: the monarchy’s power was limited.
- Relatively flat terrain, facilitating an extensive transport network (canals and roads).
- Important development of the financial sector (banks) and
Anglo-Saxon History, Language, and Legacy in Britain
Notes on the Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon refers to the Germanic peoples who migrated to and settled in Great Britain from the 5th century AD, and to their culture and language that subsequently developed. Their arrival marked a significant turning point in British history, laying the foundations for much of what would follow.
Arrival and Settlement
Following the withdrawal of Roman legions from Britain in the early 5th century, the Romano-British population faced increasing pressure from Picts
Read MoreImperialism, WWI Causes, and Global Conflict Stages
The Roots of Imperialism and Colonial Organization
Causes of Colonialism
- Economic: Europe needed to sell surplus goods, seeking new markets. They also sought raw materials at the lowest possible price and aimed to invest surplus capital in other regions, utilizing cheap labor for higher profits.
- Demographic: European population growth led to overpopulation, resulting in difficulties finding work and increasing social tensions. Colonial policies encouraged migration to other lands.
- Political: The Great
Political Consolidation: Alfonso XII and the Spanish Restoration (1874-1902)
Political Developments: Alfonso XII (1874-1885) and María Cristina’s Regency (1885-1902)
The Reign of Alfonso XII (1875-1885)
This period represents the consolidation of Cánovas’s political system. The government primarily served the Conservative Party, making Cánovas del Castillo the main protagonist of the era. He successfully restored the Bourbon monarchy in Spain and stabilized the political system through several key achievements:
- Promulgation of the 1876 Constitution.
- Ending the prominence