Spain’s Ominous Decade & Latin America Independence
The Ominous Decade (1823-1833) and the Emancipation of Latin America
The Ominous Decade, as it was known by liberals, began the same day that Ferdinand VII was released by the Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis. He issued a decree annulling all legislation passed during the Liberal Triennium. The new monarch was to return to the Old Regime and absolutism. Immediately, repression against liberals began. Riego was hanged in Madrid in November. Although the Inquisition was not restored, Faith Seals
Read MoreCold War: Origins, Events, and Aftermath
The United Nations: Origins and Objectives
Circa 1945, Yalta. The victorious powers created the UN (United Nations) body.
Objectives:
- Maintain international peace and security.
- Promote self-determination of peoples.
- Defend human rights.
- Foster cooperation among member nations.
The UN was created in 1945 in San Francisco, with 51 members (now 193).
How does it work? Maintaining peace and security by:
- Acting as a mediator.
- Sending peacekeeping troops.
- Imposing sanctions.
- Imposing ceasefires.
UN Structure
- General
The 1978 Spanish Constitution: Key Features and History
Spanish Constitution of 1978: A Comprehensive Analysis
The current Spanish Constitution was drafted during the transition period between the death of Franco in November 1975 and the establishment and consolidation of liberal democracy in Spain. The author is the Spanish Cortes, and it was ratified by King Juan Carlos. The constitution is long and detailed; it consists of 11 titles and 169 articles, with additional and transitional provisions.
Key Articles and Principles
- Article 1: Spain is a social
Fascism and the Origins of World War II
The Rise of Fascism and its Principles
Fascism, as a political model, first emerged in Italy and Germany during the interwar period. Over time, the term acquired a broader meaning, referring to an authoritarian backlash against the expansion of equality among citizens. It is characterized by the following principles:
- Extreme Nationalism: Often incorporating a racist element.
- Exaltation of the State: Prioritizing the state over individual rights and freedoms.
- Rejection of Liberalism and Democracy: Denying
The 1868 Revolution and Spain’s 1869 Constitution
The Revolution of 1868 and the Provisional Government
The squadron concentrated in the Bay of Cadiz, under the command of Brigadier General Juan Bautista Topete, staged a military uprising against the government of Isabel II. General Prim, exiled in London, and General Serrano, banished to the Canary Islands, met with the insurgents and secured the support of the population of Cadiz after the publication of a manifesto. This manifesto called on citizens to take up arms to defend freedom, order, and
Read MoreUS History: Independence, Constitution, Expansion & Imperialism
U.S. Independence
Colonial population: people driven from England settled and established plantations to feed themselves.
Commercial freedom given by England was more a lack of interest in wanting to benefit. In the 18th century, England realized that the colonial pact was a good way to exploit resources, and even with the Enlightenment in Europe, they followed mercantilist policies in the U.S. The South produced cotton, while the North focused on manufacturing.
England, facing economic hardship, imposed
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