Political and Social Reforms of the Spanish Republic (1931-1933)
Political and Social Status of the Republic
The Reform Biennium (1931-1933)
Between 1931 and 1933, Manuel Azaña presided over an administration consisting of Left Republicans and Socialists, who pushed a program of expansion and deepening of reforms during this period, as were the following:
1. The Reform of the Army
The Republican government was convinced that the army was one of the institutions most in need of a profound transformation. Thus, a reform prompted by Azaña intended to create a professional
Read MoreFrancoism in Spain: A Historical Analysis (1939-1975)
1. Introduction
On April 1, 1939, a new stage began for the political, economic, and social life in Spain. Franco devoted himself to erasing all traces of the existing Republican society.
Features:
- Military influence
- The longest period in the history of Spain
- Born without a clear idea of state
Three ideological stages:
- Blue stage: Predominance of the Falangist ideology
- Stage of isolation: Traditional Catholicism
- Stage of economic development and liberalism: The 1970s marked the beginning of the decline after
Karl Marx: Life, Philosophy, and Economic Critique
Karl Marx: Life and Context
Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in Trier, Germany. He enrolled in university, initially studying law, but later focusing on history and philosophy. He completed his university studies with a thesis on *The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature*. His early ideas were those of an idealist, influenced by Hegel. In Berlin, he became associated with the circle of Left Hegelians, who sought to draw atheistic and revolutionary conclusions from
Read MoreSpain’s Second Republic: Reforms and Cultural Impact 1931-1933
The Second Republic: The Constitution of 1931 and the Reform Biennium
The Transition from Dictatorship to the Republic
Following the resignation of Primo de Rivera, the King assigned the government to General Berenguer. However, the return to normality was hindered by the discrediting of the dynastic parties (Liberal and Conservative), the unpopularity of the monarch, and strong opposition from anti-dynastic parties, Republicans, and Monarchists who had converted to the Republican cause, such as Alcalá
Read MoreVenezuela’s Political and Economic History: 1830 to Present
Political and Legal Bases of Venezuela as an Independent Nation
1. Legal and Political Bases of Venezuela as an Independent Nation
The Shape of the State: The Constitution of 1830 adopted a center-federal form of government to balance the need for a centralized state with some autonomous rights for the provinces.
Some of the autonomous rights granted were:
- The provincial councils proposed potential governors to the president of the republic.
- The municipalities regained their importance when it was established
World War I: A Historical Analysis
Causes and Consequences of World War I
World War I devastated the economic, social, and political order of Europe. People at the time, overwhelmed by the size of the war’s battles and the number of casualties, simply called it the Great War. The war was all the more disturbing to Europeans because it came after a period that many believed to have been an age of progress.
Causes of World War I
Nationalism, internal conflicts, and militarism all played a role in starting WWI. The growth of nationalism
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