Industrialization, Imperialism, World War I and the Russian Revolution
Unit 5 — Industrialization: Britain and Spain
British Industrialization Characteristics
- Abundance of coal.
- Significant population growth, which helped develop a domestic market.
- Urban growth and a massive rural exodus.
- The bourgeoisie played a very important role in society.
- A vast colonial empire.
- Advanced political system: the monarchy’s power was limited.
- Relatively flat terrain, facilitating an extensive transport network (canals and roads).
- Important development of the financial sector (banks) and
Anglo-Saxon History, Language, and Legacy in Britain
Notes on the Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon refers to the Germanic peoples who migrated to and settled in Great Britain from the 5th century AD, and to their culture and language that subsequently developed. Their arrival marked a significant turning point in British history, laying the foundations for much of what would follow.
Arrival and Settlement
Following the withdrawal of Roman legions from Britain in the early 5th century, the Romano-British population faced increasing pressure from Picts
Read MoreImperialism, WWI Causes, and Global Conflict Stages
The Roots of Imperialism and Colonial Organization
Causes of Colonialism
- Economic: Europe needed to sell surplus goods, seeking new markets. They also sought raw materials at the lowest possible price and aimed to invest surplus capital in other regions, utilizing cheap labor for higher profits.
- Demographic: European population growth led to overpopulation, resulting in difficulties finding work and increasing social tensions. Colonial policies encouraged migration to other lands.
- Political: The Great
Political Consolidation: Alfonso XII and the Spanish Restoration (1874-1902)
Political Developments: Alfonso XII (1874-1885) and María Cristina’s Regency (1885-1902)
The Reign of Alfonso XII (1875-1885)
This period represents the consolidation of Cánovas’s political system. The government primarily served the Conservative Party, making Cánovas del Castillo the main protagonist of the era. He successfully restored the Bourbon monarchy in Spain and stabilized the political system through several key achievements:
- Promulgation of the 1876 Constitution.
- Ending the prominence
World War II: Key Terms, People & Major Events
World War II: Key Terms, People & Major Events
This document lists vocabulary, people, and events related to World War II. Spelling, grammar, and capitalization have been corrected while preserving original content.
Vocabulary
- Coral atolls — islands difficult to land on with ships.
- Kamikaze — “divine winds”; the act of crashing planes into U.S. battleships.
- Napalm — bombs made of jellied gasoline that not only explode but also catch fire.
- Fascism — an aggressive nationalist movement; the government
World War I: Causes, Course and Lasting Consequences
Causes of World War I
Long-term causes
- Militarism: Long-term build-up of armies and an arms race prepared nations for war.
- Alliances: Otto von Bismarck (19th century) helped shape alliance systems.
- Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain
- Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Imperialism: Competition for territories and new markets.
- Nationalism: Many nations and ethnic groups sought independence.
- Psychological causes: Governments idealized the war and promoted sentiments like love