The Democratic Six-Year Period in Spain (1868-1874)
The Democratic Six-Year Period (1868-1874)
September Revolution and the Interim Government
Political unrest, along with economic and social issues that had been brewing for years, led to the proclamation of Admiral Juan Bautista Topete in the Bay of Cadiz on September 19, 1868.
In 1866, a coalition of progressive forces, disgruntled Democrats, and Unionists signed the Pact of Ostend. This was the first step in a movement that would ultimately end the reign of Isabella II.
The military uprising led to
Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of Franco’s Dictatorship in Spain
The Spanish Civil War and the Rise of Franco
The Popular Front and the Military Uprising
In February 1936, during the Second Spanish Republic, the left-wing Popular Front came to power, forming a government. High-ranking army officers, fearful of liberal reforms, organized a coup. On July 17, 1936, the military uprising began in Morocco, backed by landowners, the bourgeoisie, and some Catholic middle and lower classes. The coup failed to fully control the state, leading to the Spanish Civil War.
Causes
Read MoreThe French Revolution: A Timeline of Transformation
1. The Outbreak of the French Revolution
Causes of the Revolution
In 1789, France faced a deep economic and social crisis due to three key factors:
- Popular Discontent: Starting in 1760, poor harvests led to rising food prices and widespread popular discontent.
- Restrictive Policies: The bourgeoisie, enriched by economic growth, resented their political marginalization. Only the privileged classes held office and enjoyed social recognition.
- Economic Mismanagement: The monarchy faced a severe financial
Analysis of Article 6, Organic Law of the State
Comment. Article 6 of the Organic Law ..
The document is a primary source that has a political and legal nature since it is a law, specifically Article 6 of Title II of the Organic Law of the State, the last of the Fundamental Laws of the Franco dictatorship.
It is a document whose authorship is given by Government of Spain itself within the framework of the Organic Law of State 1966. The document is a general target for Spanish citizenship and is to shape the end of the institutionalization of the
The Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917
Czarist Russia
In the early twentieth century, Russia was a vast multinational empire spanning Europe and Asia. Ethnic Russians, despite being the largest group, constituted only 40% of the population. The Russian minority enforced a policy of Russification, imposing their administration, language, and Orthodox religion on other ethnicities. Compared to other European powers, the Russian Empire lagged behind economically and socially. In 1914, over 80% of the population relied on cereal-based agriculture,
Read MoreThe Fall of Tsarist Russia and the Rise of Stalin
1. The Fall of Tsarist Russia (1905-February 1917)
Tsarist Order
In 20th century Russia, an absolute monarchy prevailed. The Tsar held supreme state power and exercised it without limits, relying on the nobility, the Orthodox Church, the army, and the bureaucracy. A parliament (Duma) existed, but its powers were severely limited. The Tsar could convene or dissolve the Duma at will. There were no political freedoms, and opponents were persecuted. The economy was primarily agricultural, though industrialization
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