Feudalism: Origins, Characteristics, and Social Structure

The Origins of Feudalism

The emergence of feudalism can be traced back to the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire. Internal political crises, coupled with external pressures such as Viking, Muslim, and Magyar invasions during the ninth and tenth centuries AD, played a significant role. These invasions led to widespread looting, disrupting trade and forcing people to seek refuge in fortified locations like castles.

Kings, unable to provide adequate protection for everyone, delegated military power,

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Ancient China: Shang, Confucianism, Qin & Han Dynasties

Ancient China Unit

Shang Dynasty Artifacts: What They Reveal

The Shang dynasty was the first dynasty which united the clans of China. The artifacts left over from this dynasty can tell us a lot about the civilization. We know about the writing system from bones which had hieroglyphs carved on them. The characteristics of a civilization include government, technology, stable food supply, social class, and system of communication. We can learn about government from bones and lifestyle of people. We

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Key Events and Definitions: Interwar Period (1919-1938)

Key Events: 1919-1938

  • 1919: Dollar becomes a new international currency.
  • 1922: United States emerges as a world power.
  • 1923: Inflation surges in Europe.
  • 1925: Rise in stock shares and speculation.
  • 1929: Wall Street Crash in New York triggers the Great Depression.
  • 1930: United States implements Protective Tariffs.
  • 1931: The Depression spreads to Europe.
  • 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt initiates the New Deal.
  • 1922: Russia recognizes the Irish Free State.
  • 1936: The Popular Front triumphs in France.
  • 1921: Founding
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American Revolution: Strategies, Key Battles, and Outcomes

American Revolution Review

7.1 Strategies and Key Figures

  1. What were the two war strategies of the Americans?

– Guerrilla tactics (fight an insurgent war – you don’t have to win every battle, just wear the British down)

– Forge an alliance with Britain’s enemies (Alliance with Spain and France)


2. What were the three war strategies of the British?

– Break the colonies in half by getting between the North and South.

– Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from allies.

– Divide and conquer

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Understanding World War II: A Comprehensive Analysis

World War II: Causes, Key Events, and Impact

Introduction: World War II took place from 1939 to 1945. It stands as one of the most significant and destructive events of the 20th century due to its duration, intensity, resources employed, the number of victims (approximately 4 million dead, excluding the Holocaust), the Holocaust itself (6 million Jews murdered), the mobilization of armies (around 110 million soldiers), the participation of 72 countries, and a material cost exceeding 935 million dollars.

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Tsarist Russia to Stalin’s Dictatorship: Key Events

Tsarist Russia in the Early 20th Century

Tsarist Russia in the early twentieth century faced high general social and political unrest. The Tsar was supported by the nobility and the Orthodox Church. Opposition wings of politics emerged due to nineteenth-century industrialization, poverty, and state-driven economic policies following the abolition of peasant feudal bondage in 1861. Supporters of opposition included populist-agrarian groups. The Bolshevik Revolution aimed at creating a proletariat

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