Pituitary Gland: Anatomy, Function, and Clinical Significance
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis Cerebri)
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis cerebri, is a small, pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions.
It is often called the “master gland” because it controls the activity of other hormone-secreting glands. The gland lies in the hypophyseal or pituitary fossa, which is roofed by the diaphragma sellae.
The weight of the pituitary gland is about 500mg.
Relations of the Pituitary Gland
Superiorly, the pituitary gland is related
Read MoreAnatomy of the Human Skeleton: Bones and Functions
The Human Skeleton
The human skeleton, along with muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, forms the locomotor system, enabling movement.
- The skull, trunk, spine, pelvis, upper and lower extremities, hands, and feet constitute the complete human skeleton.
- The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton comprises 80 bones located in the skull, face, spine, chest, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone. The appendicular skeleton includes the
Physiology of Muscles, Hearing, and Vision: Key Concepts
SOL.III
Lepidopteran Physiology
1. If we measure the time where the maximum occurs, free intracellular Ca concentration in the cytoplasm: depolarization of PA
Acoustic Stapedial Reflex
2. The acoustic stapedial reflex is defined as an involuntary stapedial contraction against intense sound.
Paraplegia
3. What would be the likely explanation that a paraplegic has a minimum percentage of…: lack of information to the muscle nerve
Muscular Fiber
4. If muscular X fibers have lower levels of calsequestrin in
Read MoreHuman Body Systems: Movement, Response, and Regulation
Responses to Stimuli
Responses relate to approved movements of two distinct types: voluntary acts and reflex acts.
- Voluntary acts: These are actions that we decide to conduct. The brain is responsible for these acts of will.
- Reflex acts: These are involuntary actions or responses that are produced and coordinated in the spinal cord.
The Endocrine System
Responses related to the endocrine system involve hormones, whose function is to test substances for the functioning of certain organs called target
Read MoreTLC Chromatography for Urine Analysis: Amino Acids & Diseases
Amino Acids in Urine
1. Which amino acids may be present in the urine of healthy people?
- Glycine
- Alanine
- Glutamine
- Histidine
Urine Sample Preparation for TLC Chromatography
2. What are the stages of urine sample preparation for TLC chromatography?
- Separation of the mixture
- Partition Coefficient: A liquid, stationary phase (polar solvent) and a mobile phase (solvent of a lower polarity)
- Partition Migration: Polar substances travel at slower rates compared to non-polar substances
- Development of the Chromatogram
- Drying/
Amino Acid Properties and Protein Structure
Amphoteric Character of Amino Acids
Item 5 – Properties of Amino Acids: The amphoteric character of amino acids allows for pH regulation because they behave as acids or bases, as appropriate to the organism.
The Peptide Bond
Characteristics of the peptide bond:
- The peptide bond is a covalent bond, shorter than most other C-H bonds.
- It has some double bond character, which prevents it from rotating freely.
- The four atoms of the peptide group and the two carbon atoms are located on the same plane, maintaining