Human Anatomy: Skeleton, Muscles, and Reproductive Systems
The Human Body: A Concise Overview
The Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton
- Skull
- Thorax
- Spinal Column
Appendicular Skeleton
- Upper Limbs
- Lower Limbs
Cartilage
Softer than bone, composed of cartilaginous tissue. Found in the nose, ears, intervertebral discs, joints, and embryonic skeleton.
Joints
Structures that connect two bones.
Parts of a Joint:
- Ligaments: Connect bones.
- Cartilage: Covers and prevents friction.
- Synovial Cavity: Space filled with a viscous lubricant fluid.
Muscle Structure
- Muscle Fascicle: Structure formed
Understanding Neuronal Function and Synaptic Transmission
SOL.II
- Neurons are polarized cells because they present a dendritic domain and an axonal domain.
- With respect to the Action Potential (AP): It is the electrical signal for the propagation of neuronal information.
- Regarding myelin: Its function (F(X)) is to accelerate the speed of nerve impulse propagation.
- Neuronal circuits: Endings are formed by axons and dendrites/synapses and glial cell prolongations. A simple example of a neuronal circuit is the patellar reflex.
- The Nervous System (NS): This is formed
Anatomy of Chest and Abdominal Muscles
Anatomy of Chest Muscles
Pectoralis Major
The pectoralis major muscle can act as an accessory in respiration. It is located between the scapula and the chest wall. Origin: lateral surface of the first eight ribs; insertion, regardless of the scapula spine. Action: rotation of the scapula and inspiratori.
External Intercostal Muscles
Each of these 11 pairs occupy the intercostal space, the ribs superior to inferior, from the Tuber of the rib to the cost-chondral junction.
Internal Intercostal Muscles
The
Read MoreAnkle Joint Biomechanics: A Comprehensive Analysis
Complex Periastragalino
a. Tibioastragalina – Subastragalina – Mediotarsiana
A. Tibioastragalina (Trocleartrosis)
Astragalus: Trochlea astragalina int and ext lateral and veneers, unique art surface covered by hyaline cartilg
Distal Epiphysis of the Tibia and Fibula
Lig of tobillo -> int and ext lateral lig
Ext: Investment and resist the rotation int -> Lig peroneal astragalino ant (tobillo plans stabilized A / P 10 20 ° plantar flex) fibular lig calcaneo (stabilized Varo of joints) and fibular
Read MoreBack and Chest Muscles: Anatomy, Function, and Innervation
Appendicular and dorso-costal muscles relate to the ribs and deeper back muscles. Each has a different innervation: appendicular back muscles are innervated through the brachial plexus, dorsal-rib muscles through the intercostal nerves, and intrinsic back muscles through the posterior branches of spinal nerves.
Appendicular Back Muscles
The most superficial is the trapezius muscle, which is triangular and originates from the external occipital protuberance in the nuchal ligament (supraspinous ligament
Read MorePituitary Gland: Structure, Hormones, and Function
Pituitary Gland (पीयूषग्रन्थि)
The pituitary, or hypophysis cerebri, is a small, pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions.
It is also called the “master gland” because it controls the activity of other hormone-secreting glands. The gland lies in the hypophyseal, or pituitary fossa, which is roofed by the diaphragma sellae.
The weight of the pituitary gland is about 500mg.
Relations
Superiorly, the pituitary gland is related to:
- Diaphragma sellae