Muscle Contraction and Fiber Types: A Cellular Process
Phases of Neuromuscular Transmission
- The action potential originates in the axonal cone and travels along the axon, specifically through the nodes of Ranvier. Upon reaching the presynaptic membrane, it triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium (Ca) channels.
- Calcium ions enter the neuron, causing the presynaptic membrane to attract vesicles containing acetylcholine (ACh) located in the cytosol of the axon.
- Acetylcholine is released into the synapse.
- Chemical-gated channels open when coupled with
Human Anatomy: Joints, Muscles, and Bones
Joints
Hip Joint
- Which type of joint is the hip?
Ball and socket - Which ligament of the hip joint closes the acetabular notch?
Transverse acetabular ligament or transverse ligament of the acetabulum
Knee Joint
- Choose the correct answer about the knee:
Its medial collateral ligament is firmly attached to the medial meniscus - The inability to extend the leg at the knee joint would indicate paralysis of the muscle:
Quadriceps femoris muscle - Which of these answers about the lateral collateral ligament of the knee
Human Body Systems: Skeletal, Endocrine, Digestive, Respiratory
Skeletal System
The skeletal system provides support, protection, mineral storage, hematopoiesis (blood cell formation), and enables movement.
Types of Bones
- Long bones
- Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae)
- Short bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals, ossicles)
- Flat bones (e.g., cranial bones, sternum, hip bones)
Bone Structure
- Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone, composed of hard compact bone.
- Epiphysis: The ends of a long bone, composed of spongy bone.
Internal Structure
- Medullary cavity: A hollow space within the diaphysis,
Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Mechanisms and Responses
Depolarization of skeletal muscle is caused by a(n):
- Influx of Na+
True
The voltage at which the first noticeable contractile response is obtained is called the threshold stimulus.
- True
Tetanus
A muscle contraction that is smooth and sustained as a result of high-frequency stimulation is tetanus.
Oxygen deficit in the tissue after prolonged activity
Muscle fatigue, the loss of the ability to contract, may be a result of:
- Oxygen deficit in the tissue after prolonged activity
20 volts
According to the data,
Comprehensive Skeletal System Anatomy
Skeletal System Model
System Model: Osteon, Lamella, Osteocyte, Lacunae, Canaliculi, Central Canal
Bone and Cartilage Slides
Compact Bone (Ground Bone): Osteon, Lamella, Lacunae, Canaliculi, Central Canal
Hyaline Cartilage (Monkey Trachea): Chondrocyte, Matrix, Lacunae
Bone Types
Compact Bone: Dense and hard outer bone layer.
Spongy (Cancellous) Bone: Less dense, porous inner bone layer with a lattice-like structure.
Bone Structure
Diaphysis: Long, tubular bone shaft primarily composed of compact bone.
Proximal
Read MoreBrain Structures and Neural Pathways: An In-Depth Look
Hypothalamus
Afferent Connections:
- Medial Forebrain Bundle: Continuation of the longitudinal dorsal fasciculus.
- Solitary Tract Nucleus.
- Fornix: From the hippocampus to the mammillary nucleus.
- Thalamus: From the retina and cortex.
Efferent Connections:
- Telencephalon: Amygdala and hippocampus.
- Thalamus: Anterior nucleus.
- Pituitary: Downstream efferent pathways (hypothalamic-spinal, hypothalamic-bulbar, hypothalamic-periaqueductal; mammillotegmental tract).
Pituitary Gland
Irrigation:
- Neurohypophysis: Inferior