Mediterranean Diet Principles & Food Label Facts

Mediterranean Diet Principles

  • High consumption of bread, cereals, and legumes.
  • Abundance of fruits, vegetables, and fish.
  • Reduced consumption of meat and animal fat.
  • Consumption of nuts, tomato, onion, and garlic.
  • Moderate intake of wine at meals (optional).

Key Mediterranean Food Groups

  1. Milk and dairy products
  2. Meat, fish, and eggs
  3. Potatoes, legumes, and nuts
  4. Vegetables
  5. Fruits
  6. Bread, pasta, cereals, sugars, and sweets
  7. Fats, oils, and butter

Understanding Nutritional Labeling

Nutritional labeling provides consumers

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Nutrition Fundamentals: Food, Nutrients, and Health

Understanding Nutrition and Food Groups

Food Groups Overview

A balanced diet includes various food groups, often visualized in a pyramid or plate model. Key groups include:

  • Meat and Alternatives: Red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts.
  • Dairy and Alternatives: Milk, cheese, yogurt.
  • Fruits: Various fresh fruits.
  • Vegetables: A wide variety of vegetables.
  • Grains: Bread, rice, pasta, couscous, polenta, other cereals, potatoes.
  • Fats and Oils: Olive oil, other vegetable oils, fats found in foods.
  • Sweets/Sugars:
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Essential Steps for Developing a Balanced Diet

Steps to Develop a Balanced Diet: To determine the characteristics of the individual for which you have to customize the diet: age, sex, physiological status (pregnancy, lactation, etc.), and physical activity. Establish the energy and nutritional needs met through the diet. To estimate energy requirements, it is considered that the overall energy expenditure in balance must be offset by energy intake from food. This takes into account the basal metabolism, age, sex, and physical activity. Developed.

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Biochemistry Questions: Amino Acids, Porphyries, and Urea Cycle

  1. Proteins that may be absorbed by the intestine are:

    b. Maternal antibodies in newborns

  2. Sources of amino acids in the body include:

    1. Degradation of body protein
    2. Synthesis of nonessential amino acids
    3. Dietary proteins
  3. Enzymes Secreted by Organs

    Match the organs (a-d) with the enzymes (A-E) they secrete:

    1. Organs:
      1. Stomach: D
      2. Small intestine: E
      3. Liver: (No enzyme listed)
    2. Enzymes:
      1. Trypsin – A
      2. Carboxypeptidase A – B
      3. Elastase (No letter)
      4. Pepsin (No letter)
      5. Alanine aminopeptidase (No letter)
  4. Mark the WRONG sentence about the

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Lipids: Types, Functions, and Health Impact

Lipids: Essential Macronutrients

Lipids, including oils, cholesterol (CHO), fats, fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids, are essential macronutrients. They form a major component of every living cell and are found in our food, originating from both animal and plant sources. The body can also synthesize them.

Fatty Acids: The Building Blocks of Lipids

Fatty Acids are the smallest components of lipids and serve as their main building blocks. They provide 9 calories of energy per gram. Fatty acids

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Pancreatic Islets: Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin

Pancreatic Endocrine Islets

Pancreatic endocrine islets, or islets of Langerhans, constitute approximately 1% of the pancreatic mass. They are innervated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), feature intercellular communication, and possess a fine vascular network. Key hormones produced include insulin (β cells), glucagon (α cells), and somatostatin (δ cells).

Insulin Synthesis

Insulin synthesis begins with the ribosomal transcription of pre-proinsulin from mRNA. In the endoplasmic reticulum, pre-

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