Understanding Diets: Beverly Hills, Mayo Clinic, and Renal Impairment

Understanding Popular Diets and Renal Health

Beverly Hills Diet

The Beverly Hills Diet derives only 6% of its energy from protein and lacks essential vitamins like B12. It’s based on a sequential intake of fruit, some bread, salad, and very little meat. It is not a recommended diet.

Mayo Clinic Diet

The Mayo Clinic Diet involves a two-week plan that avoids dairy products, meat, and protein sources other than eggs. It provides approximately 1200 kcal/day. This diet can lead to protein deficiency and

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Food Composition and Digestion: Nutrients and Enzymes

What is Food? What Substances is it Composed of?

Food processing involves natural products, which provide substances that our cells need to live.

Organic Constituents of Food: Types and Characteristics

Carbohydrates (2 types):

  • Simple: Small molecules with a sweet taste, like maltose, formed by two glucose molecules.
  • Complex: Very large molecules, like starch and cellulose. Cellulose contains a lot of fiber, which cannot be digested by humans but is very beneficial for intestinal function.

Lipids:

There

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Selenium, Choline, Vitamins, Minerals, and Proteins in Animal Nutrition

Vitamin E and Selenium in Animal Nutrition

Vitamin E:

  • Inhibits accumulation of damaging free radicals (Vitamin A, Beta-carotene, and Vitamin C are also antioxidants).
  • Enhances the body’s immune response (defense against cancer).
  • Protects Vitamin A and spares Selenium (Se).
  • Inhibits conversion of nitrites (present in smoked, pickled, and cured food) to nitrosamines (strong tumor promoters) in the stomach.

Selenium (Se):

Types of Toxicity:

  1. Blind staggers type (with as low as 2-5 ppm): Wandering aimlessly,
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Nutrition and Athletic Performance

Nutrition for Athletes

Macronutrients

Lipids

Lipids are stored as triglycerides in adipose and muscle tissues.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated lipids found in fish. They stimulate growth hormone, improve blood flow, and have anti-inflammatory effects.

L-Carnitine

L-carnitine helps transport fatty acids into the mitochondria, increasing their blood levels.

Caffeine

Caffeine can improve performance in resistance exercises, potentially by increasing adrenaline levels and affecting

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Nutrients: Fueling Your Body for Optimal Health

Essential Nutrients for a Healthy Body

The energy stored in food molecules is released during cellular respiration and used to produce ATP molecules that power cellular activities.

Raw Materials for Body Building and Repair

Food also supplies the raw materials used to build and repair body tissue. A healthy diet ensures that your body receives all the required substances.

Key Nutrients Your Body Needs

The nutrients that your body needs are water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

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Carbohydrates: Types, Functions, Sources & Requirements

Carbohydrates in Diet: Sources and Allowances

Types of Carbohydrates:

  • Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)
  • Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose)
  • Oligosaccharides (e.g., raffinose, stachyose)
  • Polysaccharides (e.g., amylose, glycogen)

In general, monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are smaller carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. The term carbohydrate often refers to foods rich in complex carbohydrates like starch (cereals, bread, pasta) or simple carbohydrates like sugar (candy,

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