Supply Chain Flexibility and Strategy Alignment

Explain how supply chain flexibility can help align the supply chain strategy with a company’s competitive strategy.

Main Stages of a Supply Chain

Supplier – Manufacture – Distribution – Retailer – Customer

Make-to-Stock Model

In the Make-to-Stock model, products are manufactured and stocked in anticipation of customer demand, based on forecasts.

Engineer-to-Order Model

Engineer-to-Order production begins only after an order is received, ensuring that the product can be customized to specific customer

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John Lewis Partnership: A Unique Business Model

The John Lewis Partnership: A Unique Business Model

The John Lewis Partnership is one of the UK’s leading retail businesses. Colin Goepfert is the Learning and Development Coach at John Lewis. The John Lewis Partnership came into being in 1950.

We’ve now got in the region of 78,000 people who work in the John Lewis Partnership. It includes about 32 department stores up and down the country, over 250 Waitrose supermarkets, plus our Internet business. We have a production unit up in Lancashire, near

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Capitalism, CSR, and Labor: Critical Summaries

Capitalist Philanthropy and Hegemonic Partnerships

Summary of Morvaridi, B. (2012) – “Capitalist Philanthropy and Hegemonic Partnerships”

Béatrice Morvaridi’s article explores how philanthropy—especially when done by wealthy individuals and big companies—affects global development. She argues that modern philanthropy is closely tied to capitalism and often reinforces existing inequalities rather than solving them. Instead of challenging the root causes of poverty, capitalist philanthropy

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Understanding Organizational Structure: Chains, Spans, and Delegation

The Core Elements of Organizational Structure

The fundamental structure of a business defines:

  1. The roles and job titles of employees.
  2. The decision-making processes.
  3. Who is responsible for specific tasks.
  4. The relationships between different positions.
  5. How information is disseminated.

Chains of Command and Spans of Control

Long Chain of Command, Narrow Span of Control

In departments like production, a manager might be supported by a few assistant managers, each overseeing skilled workers. This setup allows

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Management Principles: Functions, Characteristics, and Theories

Understanding Management: Core Principles and Practices

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources (such as human, financial, and material) to achieve specific goals efficiently and effectively. It involves decision-making, coordinating activities, and guiding teams to accomplish organizational objectives.

Functions of Management

The core functions of management are:

  1. Planning – Setting goals, defining strategies, and outlining tasks to achieve objectives.
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Management Essentials: Ethics, Strategy, and Operations

Chapter 1: An Overview of Management

Management: A set of activities designed to achieve an organization’s objectives by using its resources effectively in a changing environment.

Organizations: Groups of individuals who work together to achieve goals or objectives that are important to those individuals.

Resources: People, equipment, finances, and data used by an organization to reach its objectives.

Stakeholders: A person or group that can affect or is affected by an organization’s actions, goals,

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