Medieval Iberian Kingdoms: Castile and Aragon’s Political Evolution
Castile: Administration and Governance
Administrative Structure
Castile’s administrative territorial division included 7 provinces, known as adelantamientos (border provinces) and merindades (inland provinces).
Municipal Councils & Royal Influence
Municipal councils were controlled by regimientos, whose most prominent figure was the corregidor. Tax officials began to appear in León, becoming part of the Royal Council when they served as procuradores of cities, where they protested the handling
Key Powers of the EU Commission and Council
The European Commission: Functions and Powers
The European Commission is the body responsible for initiating the regulatory process, which constitutes its primary power. The legislative process for any normative act unfolds as follows:
- The Commission proposes legislation.
- These proposals must be approved by the Council of the European Union, always considering the national interest.
- They are also adopted by the European Parliament, almost always reflecting the interests of citizens who have voted.
This
Read MoreInternational Security: Concepts and State Strategies
Traditional vs. Non-Traditional Security Concepts
The field of international security encompasses various perspectives on threats and how states respond to them. A fundamental distinction exists between traditional and non-traditional security approaches.
Traditional Security: External Threats and State-Centric Focus
In the traditional conception of security, the greatest danger to a country stems from military threats. The source of this danger is typically another country, which, by threatening military
Read MoreArgentina’s National Autonomist Party (PAN) and Electoral Reform
Argentina’s National Autonomist Party (PAN)
Roca became president of the country, supported by a league formed by rulers of different provinces, which formed the National Autonomist Party (PAN). Within the PAN, all decisions were made by the president, governors, senators, and some politicians; they formed the so-called elite. This system allowed the PAN oligarchic control of the elections, remain in power, and prevent access to the government for his political opponents.
The presidents, governors,
Read MoreUnderstanding the Spanish Parliamentary Monarchy
Lesson 12: The Crown
I. General Ideas on Parliamentary Monarchy
1. Concept
Article 1.3 of the Spanish Constitution (EC) states that the political form of the Spanish State is a parliamentary monarchy. The monarchy is a form of head of state. In current parliamentary monarchies, Article 1 recognizes the monarchy as an institution of political unity and social institution within a parliamentary system.
Parliamentary monarchy is understood as the form of head of state characterized by the existence of
Read MoreFounding Figures and Key Events in European Union History
Key figures in the formation of the European Union:
- Konrad Adenauer, Germany: Chancellor of West Germany from 1949-1963. He is considered one of the fathers of the EU because his policies made a later reunification of both German states possible.
- Joseph Bech, Luxembourg: Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1926 to 1937 and from 1953 to 1958. He is highly regarded for his contributions to the unification of Europe.
- Johan Beyen, Netherlands: Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands from 1952 to 1956.