International Organizations for Cultural Heritage Preservation

Posted by on Jan 21, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

ICCROM: International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property

Created in Rome in 1959 as an intergovernmental agency, ICCROM provides technical assistance to countries and organizations for the conservation of protected cultural property.

ICOMOS: International Council on Monuments and Sites

Founded in 1965 to promote the Charter of Venice, ICOMOS is responsible for assessing the World Heritage Committee and UNESCO. It conducts studies and reports on the state of

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Key Historical Milestones: Spain and the World

Posted by on Jan 17, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

**Chronology of Spain**

  • 711: Arrival of Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula
  • 1492: Discovery of America
  • 1714 (September 11): Catalonia is defeated in the War of Succession
  • 1716: Nueva Planta decrees. Loss of Catalan freedoms
  • 1808-13: French War
  • 1812: Cadiz Constitution
  • 1848: First rail-Mataró BCN
  • 1873-74: First Republic
  • 1898: Loss of Cuba and the Philippines
  • 1923-30: Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera
  • 1931 (April 14): Proclamation of the Second Catalan Republic. Adoption of the Constitution
  • 1932: Adoption
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International Cooperation and Integration: A Deep Dive

Posted by on Jan 16, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

International Cooperation and Integration

Cooperation is the other side of the coin from conflict. Interests are shared when the actors are able to share objectives. Conflict and cooperation can coexist perfectly, and actors can cooperate to freeze a conflict. There are actors who are in conflict, yet are cooperating in other areas or even in the same area to resolve it. For example, Spain has a dispute relating to the sovereignty of Gibraltar and yet cooperates with England. The goal of cooperation

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19th Century Spain: First Carlist War & Liberal State Formation

Posted by on Jan 15, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

First Carlist War (1833-1840)

The First Carlist War was a civil conflict between defenders of the old regime and supporters of liberal reforms. The Carlists, advocating for absolute monarchy, were supported by the rural nobility, clergy, and peasantry. The Elizabethans, who sought a liberal state, were backed by the high nobility, bourgeoisie, and popular classes.

Key Stages:

  • 1833-1836: Carlist expansion and victories.
  • 1836-1840: Weakening of the Carlists.
  • 1846-1849: War of the early risers.

Construction

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Spain’s Democratic Shift After Franco’s Era

Posted by on Jan 10, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Spain’s Transition to Democracy: 1975-1982

The Dawn of a New Era

After Franco’s death in 1975, Spain embarked on a crucial political transition to establish a democratic system. This period saw the adoption of the Constitution of 1978 and accelerated Spain’s integration into Europe. Juan Carlos de Borbón was proclaimed King of Spain on November 22, 1975. Initially, Arias Navarro continued as chairman of a government that maintained an immobilist policy, unable to carry out democratization. Consequently,

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Spain’s Franco Era & Cold War Timeline: Key Events 1939-1989

Posted by on Jan 8, 2025 in International Relations | 0 comments

Spain’s Franco Era & Cold War Timeline

1939-1959: Autarchy and Isolationism

  • April 1, 1939: Franco ends the Spanish Civil War. Spain remains neutral in World War II.
  • 1946: The United Nations condemns Spain.
  • 1952: End of rationing in Spain.
  • 1953: Military and economic agreements between Spain and the United States.
  • 1955: Spain becomes a member of the United Nations.

1959-1975: Development and Opening

  • 1959: Implementation of the Stabilization Plan, aimed at developing industry and consumption. Founding
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