19th Century Spain: First Carlist War & Liberal State Formation
First Carlist War (1833-1840)
The First Carlist War was a civil conflict between defenders of the old regime and supporters of liberal reforms. The Carlists, advocating for absolute monarchy, were supported by the rural nobility, clergy, and peasantry. The Elizabethans, who sought a liberal state, were backed by the high nobility, bourgeoisie, and popular classes.
Key Stages:
- 1833-1836: Carlist expansion and victories.
- 1836-1840: Weakening of the Carlists.
- 1846-1849: War of the early risers.
Construction
Read MoreSpain’s Democratic Shift After Franco’s Era
Spain’s Transition to Democracy: 1975-1982
The Dawn of a New Era
After Franco’s death in 1975, Spain embarked on a crucial political transition to establish a democratic system. This period saw the adoption of the Constitution of 1978 and accelerated Spain’s integration into Europe. Juan Carlos de Borbón was proclaimed King of Spain on November 22, 1975. Initially, Arias Navarro continued as chairman of a government that maintained an immobilist policy, unable to carry out democratization. Consequently,
Read MoreSpain’s Franco Era & Cold War Timeline: Key Events 1939-1989
Spain’s Franco Era & Cold War Timeline
1939-1959: Autarchy and Isolationism
- April 1, 1939: Franco ends the Spanish Civil War. Spain remains neutral in World War II.
- 1946: The United Nations condemns Spain.
- 1952: End of rationing in Spain.
- 1953: Military and economic agreements between Spain and the United States.
- 1955: Spain becomes a member of the United Nations.
1959-1975: Development and Opening
- 1959: Implementation of the Stabilization Plan, aimed at developing industry and consumption. Founding
Basque Autonomy: Estella Statute to Guernica Statute (1931-1979)
Basque Autonomy: From Estella to Guernica (1931-1979)
The 1931 Estella Statute: A First Step Towards Autonomy
This primary, direct, and contemporaneous juridical fragment of a statute outlines the public character of Basque society. It highlights a collective and social commission directed by the courts, with Indalecio Prieto and Jose Antonio Aguirre as secretaries. This commission, aimed at Basque society, sought to establish autonomy. The text begins with a brief preamble in which the courts indicate
Read MoreSpain’s Transformation: 1808-1874
War and Revolution (1808-1814)
Spain experienced a population increase and a shift from an absolutist regime to a liberal regime and constitutional monarchy. The French War (1808-1814) began when King Charles IV of Spain declared war on France, lost, and then allied with them. The war ended with the Treaty of Valençay (1813). In 1807, the Treaty of Fontainebleau allowed for the conquest of Portugal by Spain and France, leading to French troops settling in Spain, causing disagreement. The Mutiny
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