The Perfect Listener: A Guide to Effective Listening Skills
Decalogue of the Perfect Listener
- Adopt a curious and active look. Pay close attention to the speaker.
- Be objective. Listen to what a person different from ourselves has to say.
- Connect with the speaker’s perspective. Understand their message and their way of seeing things.
- Discover the speaker’s main idea, objectives, and purpose.
- Evaluate the speaker’s message.
- React to the message. Speak when the speaker has finished.
- Listen to everyone and everything.
- Honor the education you received. Do not covet your
Text Types and Features: A Comprehensive Guide
Text Types and Features
Scientific Texts
Purpose: To discover the causes of natural processes based on valid and demonstrable truths.
Types:
- Scientific: Focuses on scientific concepts and theories.
- Technical: Describes practical applications of scientific concepts.
Features:
- Clarity in Order: Follows a logical structure (thesis-development or development-thesis).
- Precision: Uses extensive phrases, noun and verb complementation, jargon, definitions, and enumerations.
Humanistic Texts
Focus: Study of man from
Read MoreText and Properties, Romance Languages, and Expository Texts
Text and Properties
Linguistic Competence
Knowledge of the rules of construction and combination of words to form sentences.
Communicative Competence
Knowledge of the strategies and rules of construction that any talk of texts must know to ensure efficient communication.
Textual Properties – Adaptation
It suits the intention and the communicative situation, considering 3 factors:
- Recipient: Must take the proper handling formulas for the relationship between sender and receiver.
- Location: Language variations
The Communication Process: An Overview
The Communication Process
The communication process is intentionally initiated when an issuer transmits a message to a receptor. Signs suggest something else.
Schema of Communication
- The emitter sends the message.
- The receptor receives and interprets the message.
- The message is the information the emitter transmits.
- The location is the set of circumstances surrounding the act of communication: the time and place.
- The code produces the system of signs employed to develop the message.
- The channel is how the
Icons, Symbols, and Linguistic Functions in Textual Analysis
Icons, Symbols, and Signs
Icon: Maintains a relationship with reality. Examples: tree, photography, painting.
Symbol: Has no resemblance to reality. Examples: numbers, letters.
Sign: Represents a cause-effect relationship. Example: Dark, cloudy skies indicate rain.
Linguistic Functions
Referential Function: Focuses on objects and the external world.
Emotive Function: Conveys the speaker’s attitude and emotions.
Conative Function: Focuses on the listener and aims to influence them.
Phatic Function: Establishes
Read MoreLinguistic Characteristics of Digital Communication: A Cohesive Analysis
Point-B: Linguistic Characterization
Beyond a pragmatic approach, analyzing the linguistic elements that support cohesion and alignment reveals fundamental characteristics of this text as an act of communication.
A. Policy
At the morphological level, the correct use of alignment morphemes is evident between elements at the phrase and sentence levels. There’s also proper use of coordinated and subordinated bonds (e.g., “a computer thing,” line 1; “email and Internet,” line 3).
Cohesion is intensified
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