Romanticism in Spain: Era, Authors, and Works
Romanticism in Spain: Era and Context
Romanticism was an artistic and cultural movement that prevailed between 1830-1855 but lasted until 1875. The Spanish society of this period was characterized by the triumph of bourgeois liberalism, which imposed a free market economy and established the equality of all citizens in the law. The Industrial Revolution in Spain was late and weak, exerting little influence.
Romanticism is the expression of the bourgeoisie struggling to gain political, social, and
Read MoreMajor Conflicts of the Late Roman Republic
Rome in the 690s AUC
The Catiline Conspiracy
During the consulship of M. Tullius Cicero the orator and Gaius Antonius, in the 691st year from the founding of the city, L. Sergius Catilina, a man of a very noble family but of depraved talent, conspired to destroy the country with certain indeed brave but reckless men. He was expelled from the city by Cicero. Associates of Catiline, having been seized, were thrown in prison. Catiline himself, having been defeated in battle, was killed by the other consul
Read MoreSpanish Language: Definitions, History, Phonetics
Key Terms
- Sultan
- Sovereign Muslim ruler.
- Dynasty
- Series of kings of a country belonging to the same family.
- Cutlass
- Short, broad, curved blade, sharp on one side only, used by Muslims.
- Congoja
- Grief, anguish.
- Petrified
- Turned to stone, paralyzed with terror.
- Prophet
- A person who predicts the future by divine inspiration.
- Inexorable
- Implacable, not softened by entreaties.
- Sharpen
- Fanning, awakening (metaphorical context).
- Stratagem
- Ardid, trick.
- Trivial
- Of little importance; not protruding from the ordinary.
- Paradox
- An
Spanish Baroque Masters: Ribera and Zurbarán
Spanish Baroque Painting: Styles and Context
Facing the polychrome Baroque imagery, in the national tradition, painting of this period shows a permeability to illumination, color, art, and models from abroad. Italy and Flanders in the XVII century were the mirror where the Hispanic artist would be reflected.
Styles and Influences
Two streams dominated the Golden Age in the first half of the XVII century: naturalism and tenebrism. Around 1650, painters mimicked the Flemish style of Rubens. The taste
Read MorePostwar Spanish Poetry: Movements and Key Poets
Postwar Spanish Poetry
Miguel Hernández
Considered one of the best poets of the 20th century. His work includes the following titles:
- Perito en lunas (1933): A book of Gongorine-style poetry with formal complexity.
- El rayo que no cesa (1936): A book primarily composed of sonnets. The fundamental theme is unhappy, tragic love that deeply wounds the poet.
- Viento del pueblo (1937) and El hombre acecha (1939): Two books written during the Civil War. The theme of love gives way to social and civic poetry.
Spanish Literature: 1902 Novels & Pre-War Theatre
Spanish Narrative Styles & 1902 Novels
Direct and Indirect Narrative Styles
Both direct and indirect styles are employed in narrative to reflect the words and thoughts of characters.
- In direct style, the character’s words are transcribed literally.
- In indirect style, the narrator reports what the character says or thinks.
Novels of 1902: A Turning Point
Four novels published in 1902 marked the beginning of the revival of the novel in the first third of the twentieth century. Common features found
Read More