Catalan Avant-Garde Movements: Cubism, Futurism, and Surrealism
First Catalan Avant-Garde (1915): Cubism and Futurism
The first Catalan avant-garde movement coincided with similar movements in Europe. Barcelona was a city even more favorable than Paris to modern painting innovations. The starting point was the publication of the first Catalan language calligram (1915), “Ode to Guynemer,” stressed by the writer Joan Salvat-Papasseit.
Salvat-Papasseit was the first popularizer of the proletarian avant-garde. From a working-class family, he collaborated at a young
Read MoreLiterary Movements and the Generation of ’27: Key Aspects
Vanguard Movements and the Generation of ’27
Vanguards: Artistic movement arising from the loss of spiritual values in capitalist society between the 1st and 2nd World Wars in the early twentieth century. The youth’s end-of-century consciousness against the world of the ‘elders’ led to disaster. Characteristics include: anti-realism and autonomy of art; irrationalism; a desire for originality; and aesthetic experimentation.
Juan Ramon Jimenez
Works: Characterized by trends in the literature of the
Read MoreSt. John of the Cross: Mystical Poetry and Themes
St. John of the Cross: Mystical Poetry
St. John of the Cross’s poetry, though concise, holds a significant place in universal lyrical works. His poetic production explores the experience of mystical union with God. This union is expressed symbolically: a woman (the soul) searches for her beloved (God) through nature, which reflects divine love. She finds and merges with God in a poetic ecstasy of love.
Works
Among his works are short poems of popular character and three major poems:
- Spiritual Canticle:
Latin American Modernism and the Generation of ’98 in Spain
Latin American Modernism and its Influence on Spain
Latin American Modernism emerged in Latin America and soon spread to Spain. Original writers produced a literature to differentiate it from peninsular Spanish literature. It began in the spring of 1888 with the publication of Azul (Blue) and ended around 1916 with the publication of Diario de un poeta recién casado (Diary of a Newly Married Poet).
Influences
- Parnassianism: A literary movement that seeks beauty through descriptions of the landscape.
The Enlightenment in Spain: Literature and Cultural Shifts
The Enlightenment gradually displaced the old regime. It gave rise to revolution during the French crisis. The Enlightenment and the War of Succession of Philip of Anjou and Archduke Charles were cultural and ideological movements that renewed the thinking and mentality of the 18th century.
Characteristics of the Enlightenment
- The desire for knowledge, utilitarianism, and the abandonment of the idea of absolute truths.
- Practical ideas and a new conception of reality.
- Ideas disseminated in the Encyclopedia.
Exploring Dramatic Subgenres: Tragedy, Comedy, and Drama
Dramatic Subgenres: An Overview
The Passive Voice
The passive voice is formed with the verb “to be,” acting as an auxiliary, and the past participle of the verb being conjugated.
Nonpersonal Forms
Nonpersonal forms lack person and number and include the infinitive mood. They also include the gerund and the participle, which function as a noun, an adverb, and an adjective, respectively.
Major Dramatic Subgenres
Dramatic subgenres are classified into two categories: major (tragedy, comedy, and drama) and
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