Ethical Standards for Engineers and the Concept of Freedom

Ethical Standards for Engineers

Article 36. – The engineer will be faithful to his employer or clients.

Article 37. – The engineer shall prevent conflicts of interest, whether foreseen or foreseeable, with his employers or clients, and shall accordingly report promptly any association, link, or circumstance that may affect his judgment or the quality of his services.

Article 38. – Engineers should not acknowledge their employers or clients when they believe that the work to be done will not be successful.

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Spanish Narrative Trends Post-Civil War to Late 20th Century

Spanish Narrative After the Civil War

After the Civil War, the Spanish narrative, as in lyric and drama, breaks with past trends. What is needed now is a new realism that aims to provide the reader with a witness of contemporary life.

The 1940s: The Existential Novel

The existential novel highlights at this time, centering on two themes: the uncertainty of human existence and the difficulty of communication between humans. The most representative writers of this period are Camilo José Cela and Miguel

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Catalan Literature: Key Authors and Works

The Four Great Chronicles

Background

Catalan literature reached its peak in the 13th and 14th centuries, coinciding with political unity and the rise of a distinct social and historical genre. The emergence of a unified Catalan identity led to the recording of significant national events.

Origin of the Chronicles

The four major chronicles are attributed to:

  • James I (The Book of Deeds)
  • Bernard Desclot (The Book of King Peter and His Predecessors)
  • Ramon Muntaner (Ramon Muntaner’s Chronicle)
  • Peter the Ceremonious
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Baroque Theater: Religious, Court, and Corral Stages

Three Methods of Theater in the 17th Century

During the seventeenth century, Baroque theater reached its greatest fullness. The three forms that coexisted in this period were:

  1. Religious Drama
    • Developed through the sacramental mystery.
    • Short pieces that developed in one act and presented characters in abstract form of allegory.
    • Sought religious subjects in which a conflict between good and evil, where good always triumphs.
    • Represented at the celebration of Corpus.
    • In the Counter-Reformation, it was an
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Spanish Theater: Post-War Trends and Key Playwrights

Background

Like all genres, the theater has been undergoing profound changes since the beginning of the century, affecting both literary and performance aspects.

The first trend is a reaction to realism. The second is expressionist theater, which distorts reality and emphasizes theatricality.

The third trend is surreal drama, which breaks with the aforementioned trends and incorporates the illogical nature of dreams and delusions.

This leads us to an important and striking movement: the theater of the

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Mass Media and Literature: From 19th Century to Today

Mass Media

  • Radio: A means of communication that is fast and cheap, and principally uses the spoken word to inform, entertain, and educate.
  • Television: The most influential medium of communication due to its ability to unite image and word.
  • Newspaper: Aims to transmit real, objective, and current information, using the written word and images.
  • Internet: Has it all.

Nineteenth Century

Realism stems from the Guide and Cervantes, and continues in the novel of the eighteenth century. In the nineteenth century,

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