The Poetry of Exile: Voices of Loss and Resilience

The Poetry of Exile

The list of poets who went into exile is long. It’s important to distinguish:

  • The case of Antonio Machado, who died just days after leaving Spain.
  • Poets of the “Generation of 14” (postmodernist, Novecento) like León Felipe and Juan Ramón Jiménez.
  • Poets of the “Group of 27”. Lorca had died, but of the others, all but three were exiled. Along with all of them are poets who just began their work before the war or whose work consists entirely of exile experiences. Let us refer to
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Fray Luis de León, Góngora, and Manrique: Spanish Literature

Fray Luis de León: Salamanca Professor

Fray Luis de León, a professor at the University of Salamanca, was imprisoned for translating the Song of Songs into the vernacular and commenting on the Vulgate.

Works:

Most of his work consists of odes, compositions of varied matter, and short stanzas of indefinite verse.

Metrics:

He mainly used the lira, but also 4, 6, and 7 stanzas of verse.

Topics:

Mixed.

Style:

Forging a new language, learned and reinforced.

Beatus Ille:

The collection of poems by Fray Luis de

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Spanish Language: Origins, Evolution, and Dialects in Spain

Spanish Phonetic Segments

Consonants by Place of Articulation

  • Bilabial: /p/, /b/, /m/
  • Labiodental: /f/
  • Interdental: /θ/ (represented as ‘z’ or ‘c’ before e, i in some descriptions)
  • Dental: /t/, /d/
  • Alveolar: /s/, /l/, /ɾ/, /r/, /n/
  • Palatal: /tʃ/ (represented as ‘ch’), /ʝ/ (represented as ‘y’ or ‘ll’)
  • Velar: /k/, /g/, /x/ (represented as ‘j’ or ‘g’ before e, i)

Consonants by Manner of Articulation

  • Occlusive (Plosive): /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
  • Fricative: /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʝ/, /x/
  • Affricate: /tʃ/
  • Lateral:
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Medieval Troubadour Culture in the Crown of Aragon

Who Were the Troubadours?

The troubadours were often sons of noble families associated with convents (though not professed as monks) who lived in royal courts, composing songs in the vernacular tongue.

Provençal Poetry and the Crown of Aragon

After the conquest of Valencia by James I, the Valencian lands became part of the Crown of Aragon.

Provençal poetry was the most important in Europe from the eleventh to the thirteenth century. Early authors used this language not only for its prestige but also

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Roman Hispania: Conquest, Provinces, and Lasting Legacy

Peoples of Pre-Roman Iberia

Before the arrival of the Romans, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by various peoples:

  • Iberians: Lived along the Mediterranean coast.
  • Tartessians: Lived in western Andalusia.
  • Celts: Lived in Castile, Leon, and Galicia.
  • Celtiberians: Lived in the center of the Peninsula.
  • Greeks: Established colonies like Emporion, primarily for trade in precious metals.
  • Phoenicians: Established colonies like Malaca (Málaga).
  • Carthaginians: Had significant presence, especially in the south
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14th and 15th Century Spanish Literature

14th Century Literature

Mester of Clergy

The issues explored by the clergy are no longer exclusively scholarly, derived from books, but also originate from life experiences.

The Rise of Narrative Prose

Another major innovation is the birth of author’s narrative prose, notably with Don Juan Manuel’s Count Lucanor.

Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita

Juan Ruiz, the Archpriest of Hita (Guadalajara), lived in the first half of the 14th century. His personality is evident in the Book of Good Love.

This book challenges

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