Generation of ’27: A Poetic Legacy
1. Introduction
The 1920s witnessed the emergence of a group of extraordinary poets who significantly impacted 20th-century Spanish and Latin American poetry. This group, known as the “Generation of ’27,” gathered in 1927 to pay tribute to Luis de Góngora, marking the third centenary of his death. Most of these writers maintained close personal and literary relationships. The poetry of the 1920s was influenced by prominent figures such as Ramón Gómez de la Serna, whose literary creations inspired
Generation of ’27: A Poetic Revolution in Spain
1. Context (Same as Item 8)
During the reign of Alfonso XIII, Spain experienced the crisis of the Restoration, followed by Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship, the Second Republic, and the Civil War. The predominantly agrarian population faced poor living conditions and working conditions, leading to the growth of unions and the labor movement. The Church experienced significant economic and power losses. Scientific advancements in education were slow. The rise of journalism contributed to cultural expansion,
Read More20th Century Spanish Literature
Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881-1958)
Born in Moguer (Huelva), Juan Ramón Jiménez won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956. A poet aligned with the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War, he lived in exile and died in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Jiménez pioneered a new understanding of poetry, stripped of sentimentality and imperfection, influencing the Generation of ’27. His poetic career is divided into three stages:
- Sensory Stage (1898-1915): Influenced by Bécquer, Symbolism, and Modernism,
20th Century Spanish Poetry: From Modernism to the Avant-Garde
20th Century Spanish Poetry
Modernism and the Generation of ’98
Traditionally, late 19th and early 20th-century Spanish authors have been divided into two groups: Modernists and the Generation of ’98. Today, they are seen as two sides of the same literary movement focused on renewing early 20th-century poetry.
The term “Modernism” predates the Generation of ’98. Since the late 19th century, all authors who sought to renew the previous literary scene were called Modernists. They opposed Realism and
Read MorePostwar Spanish Theater: An Overview
Postwar Spanish Theater
Literary Historical Context
The Spanish Civil War ushered in the Franco regime, characterized by:
- Strong political repression
- Economic autarky and government intervention
- Cultural purification and lack of freedom
- Foreign policy alignment with fascism
In 1943, Franco declared neutrality in World War II. Subsequently, the U.S., Britain, and France declared his regime illegitimate, a stance ratified by the UN. An economic blockade followed, and the failure of economic policies led
Read More18th & 19th Century Spanish Literature: Enlightenment to Realism
18th & 19th Century Spanish Literature
Enlightenment (18th Century)
The 18th century, known as the Enlightenment or Age of Reason, saw Spanish literature take on a didactic and utilitarian function. Rationalism and reformist ideals prevailed, with a focus on the relationship between nature and progress. The essay became a prominent genre, reflecting the belief that literature should disseminate knowledge.
Key figures in prose include:
- Diego de Torres Villarroel (Baroque style)
- José Francisco de