Key Concepts in Contract Law: Stages, Effects, and Types
Fundamental Concepts in Contract Law
Debit vs. Responsibility
- Debit: The duty to carry out a performance (to give, to do, or not to do).
- Responsibility: The legal effects derived from the failure to carry out that performance; the legal consequence if you do not comply with that performance.
Stages of a Contract
- Preparatory (Conception): The process of formation, such as bargaining and negotiation, to reach a defined contract.
- Perfection (Birth): A meeting of minds to arrive at a definite agreement on
Weimar Constitution: Structure, Social Rights, and Crisis
Founding the Weimar Republic
Heavy military and judicial repression continued against revolutionary workers organizing general strikes. On February 6, the National Assembly met in the city of Weimar to draft the Constitution that would bear its name.
The Preamble and Social Rights
The Preamble reflected the new concept and emergence of Germany and incorporated social rights. It stated:
Read MoreThe German people, according to their populations, and animated by the desire to renew and consolidate freedom and
Administrative Organization of Spain: Central Government and CAs
Central Administration Functions
The Central Administration puts into practice the policy of the government and manages administrative content. The Prime Minister is the significant figure of the system, which also features:
- The Cabinet of the Prime Minister
- The Secretary of the Prime Minister
- Government Delegate Committees
- Relations with the courts
- The Government Spokesman Secretariat
The various ministries are headed by a minister named by the King upon the proposal of the Prime Minister. Ministerial
Read MorePrinciples and Acquisition of Nationality in Private International Law
Nationality in Private International Law
Nationality is the legal and political bond that unites a person with a State, making them a member of that political community. This bond grants the right to claim protection while simultaneously requiring compliance with the State’s standards, encompassing both domestic and International Law.
Fundamental Principles of Nationality
- Every person must have a nationality.
- No person shall have more than one nationality.
- Any person can change their nationality.
- Outright
Legal Concepts: Defamation, Privacy, and India’s RTI Act
Defamation and Its Types
Defamation is the communication of a false statement about a person that injures their reputation. It is categorized into two main types:
1. Libel
If the statement is made in writing and published, the defamation is called libel. It is important to note that press releases are considered legal documents, and social media posts have also been treated as publications in some cases where an individual’s reputation has been tarnished.
2. Slander
If the hurtful statement is spoken,
Read MoreWorker Representation and Collective Action in Spanish Labor Law
Trade Unions and Worker Representation in Spain
Trade unions are associations of workers established to defend their common interests. Their primary purpose is to defend and achieve the economic, social, and political demands of their members. All employees have the right to organize freely for the promotion and defense of their economic and social interests.
Legal Framework for Trade Unions
The right to unionize is regulated by several key legal texts:
- Spanish Constitution:
- Limitations: Applies to armed