Ancient Roman Law and Governance: Kings, Magistrates, and the Gens
Ancient Roman Law and Governance
Edicts, Decrees, and Rescripts
Edicts: Emperors, possessing the ius edicendi (right to issue edicts), faced time constraints and competition from other judges. Their edicts held significant weight due to their broad jurisdiction.
Decrees: Imperial judgments on specific cases and trials under their jurisdiction, binding only for the case in question.
Rescripts: Emperor’s responses to legal inquiries from judges or individuals, categorized into:
- Epistola: Formal written
Urgent Medical Care Lawsuit Against Precarious Health
Urgent Medical Care Lawsuit
Case of Tudus Quebradus v. Precarious Health
Brasilia-DF, September 14, 2010
Case Summary
Tudus Quebradus, a Brazilian public servant residing in Brasilia-DF, files this lawsuit against Precarious Health for denial of essential medical care. Mr. Quebradus has been a client of Precarious Health since 2004, consistently meeting his payment obligations. Despite this, Precarious Health denied his claim for medical coverage on August 15, 2010, citing suspended services due to
Read MoreJuvenile Justice Process: Reform, Prosecution, and Reintegration
1. Beginning of the Reform Process
The reform process may not commence if the Prosecutor decides against opening a file. This occurs when allegations are minor offenses, lack violence or intimidation, and the child has no prior offenses. The focus is on educational and family solutions. Principles of opportunity include:
- Reconciliation between the child and victim in less serious cases without violence, leading to file closure upon commitment to repair.
- File closure if the accusation is understood
Habeas Corpus and Legality Principles in Detention
Habeas Corpus: Ensuring Lawful Detention
Habeas corpus mandates the immediate presentation of a detainee before a judge to rule on the legality of detention, as per Article 17.4 of the Constitution. This procedure focuses solely on the immediate pre-trial detention, serving as a means to cease irregular deprivation of liberty. The application for habeas corpus must be made to the judge where the person is detained and can be initiated by:
- The detainee, spouse, or similar relation, descendants, ascendants,
Elements of Offense: Unlawfulness and Justification
Unlawfulness in Criminal Offenses
One element of an offense is unlawfulness, defined as conduct contrary to law. Unlawfulness can be formal or material, where material unlawfulness injures or endangers a legal right. Some argue for criminal unlawfulness outside the legal field, such as cultural norms.
Type of Conduct
Conduct is described in criminal law because the legislature deems it worthy of protection. A person performing the conduct described in criminal law is engaging in a typical action. Typically,
Read MoreVenezuelan Fiscal Control: Account Demise and Management
Article 55
The Comptroller General of the Republic, via resolution in the Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, issues instructions and establishes policies, standards, criteria, and systems for examining, qualifying, and declaring the demise of revenue accounts, expenditures, and assets of entities or bodies listed in paragraphs 1 to 11 of Article 9 of this Act. This also includes funds managed by private sector entities or persons from these authorities and agencies to meet
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