History and Evolution of Workplace Safety and Labor Rights
The Statute of Labourers (1351)
- 50% of England’s population was wiped out.
- The upper class required more essential work from the poor.
- The Statute of Labourers was introduced to force men, women, and children who did not own land—or were not recognized as crafters, traders, or merchants—to work.
- The upper class utilized guilt trips against the lower class, refusing to perform the labor themselves.
19th Century Labor Protests
During the latter half of the 19th century in Canada, workers protested
Read MoreCivil Litigation and Contract Law Terminology
Legal Representation and Court Actions
- Appear (comparecer): To be present, especially in court.
- To plead a case (alegar): To speak in court to support a person or position; to present arguments and evidence.
- Acting for (actuar en nombre de): Representing someone in a legal matter.
- Advocacy (defensa): The act of pleading; speaking or arguing in support of someone in court.
- Represent (representar): To act or speak on behalf of another person; to act as the official legal substitute for a person or entity
Industrial Relations Code 2020 — Dispute Resolution & Rights
The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 provides the following dispute resolution mechanisms in brief:
- Grievance Redressal Machinery: A system set up in every establishment for resolving individual worker grievances through a structured procedure.
- Works Committee: A bipartite body of employer and employee representatives that promotes harmonious relations and resolves day‑to‑day issues.
- Conciliation: A process where a conciliation officer mediates between the parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable
Business Structures: Classification and Legal Forms
Business Classification
Staff Numbers
- Micro
- Small
- Medium
- Large
Activity
- Commercial products
- Services
Scope
- National
- Multinational
Ownership and Sector
Depending on the economic sector and the ownership of productive factors:
- Private
- Public
- Mixed
The Company and Its Legal Form
Individual Enterprise
The owner is a natural person entitled to act, who owns the assets and assumes all responsibility.
Characteristics:
- Realization of economic activity.
- Development of a regular and professional activity.
- Carrying out an activity
Corporate Board Meeting Compliance and Director Duties
Formal Corporate Board Meetings: Legal Requirements
A Board Meeting is the formal, legal gathering of a company’s Board of Directors to discuss, decide upon, and oversee the strategic and operational management of the company. In Company Law, the Board of Directors is the main decision-making organ of the company, and its powers are exercised through resolutions passed at duly convened and conducted Board Meetings.
What Constitutes a Board Meeting?
A Board Meeting is a fundamental component of corporate
Read MoreSecured Loans, Liens, Bankruptcy, Employment & Cyber Law
Secured Loans and Liens
- Secured Loans: Loans backed by an asset.
- Common law and statutory law: Address remedies in case of default.
- Liens: A claim against specific property to satisfy a debt.
- Mechanics liens: A security interest given to someone who provides work or improvements to a specific parcel of property.
- Judgment liens: A legal claim placed on a debtor’s property after a court issues a monetary judgment against them. It ensures the creditor gets paid if the debtor sells or refinances their