Urban Planning and Construction: Systems, Contracts, and Regulations
Actuation Systems in Urban Planning
Compensation System
Run by the owners themselves, who also create cost estimates for planning. The Junta de Compensación (JC) has legal personality.
Cooperation System
The council aims to acquire market territories.
Expropriation System
Owners are deprived of ownership in exchange for compensation.
Forced Execution System
Applied to owners who fail to comply with the Compensation System.
Developer Concession System
Benefits and burdens are shared.
Property Registration
A
Read MoreUnderstanding Power of Attorney and Legal Representation
Power of Attorney and Legal Representation
Concept
Direct representation exists when a person (representative) performs a legal act in another person’s (principal) name and behalf so that the effects of such act directly and immediately affect the person represented.
When representation exists, the act executed by the representative shall fall within and be the responsibility of the principal. In order for the acts of the representative to affect the principal, it is necessary that a power of attorney
Read MoreSection 18 vs Section 19: Limitation Act, 1963
Distinction Between Section 18 and Section 19 of the Limitation Act, 1963
The Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes time limits for instituting legal proceedings to ensure timely adjudication and avoid stale claims. Sections 18 and 19 deal with scenarios where the prescribed limitation period may be extended due to acknowledgment of liability or part payment. Below is a detailed distinction between these two sections:
1. Nature of Provision
- Section 18: Deals with the acknowledgment of liability in writing.
Understanding Laws, Legal Systems, and Citizen Rights
Understanding Laws and the Legal System
What are Laws and Their Purpose?
Laws are rules that determine the rights and duties of all citizens. They specify correct and incorrect behavior and outline the penalties that can be applied to those who behave antisocially and do not respect others or common property. Laws adjust social life to criteria of justice or ethical guidelines and limit the power of institutions.
Different Types of Legal Rules
There are different types of legal rules:
- Regulations
- Ministerial
Understanding Legal Norms, Law Enforcement, and the Legal System
Regulatory Power and Law Enforcement
Regulatory power: The executive and other authorities issue legal norms to fulfill their functions. Regulatory power of implementation: To implement the laws. Regulatory power autonomous: To regulate matters outside the legal domain.
Law Enforcement Process
The process of law enforcement consists of:
Interpretation
- Formalist Criterion
- Historic Criterion
- Intentional Criterion
- Teleological Criterion
- Ideological Criterion
- Free Criterion
Integration
The procedure followed by
Read MoreAnnual Holiday and Permits: Understanding Your Rights
Annual Holiday Concept
According to the laws governing holidays, you can conceptualize it as a benefit which by law is given to workers with more than one year of service, to enjoy a break entitled to pay.
Annual Holiday Features
The holiday has the following features:
- It must be paid.
- It is continuous.
- It is waived.
- It is counted in days. (Art. 69: For the purposes of the holiday, the Sabbath will always be considered unqualified.)
- As a general rule, it is not compensable in money.