Essential Commercial Law: Sales & Commission Contracts
Commercial Sales Contracts and Obligations
Consequences of Buyer’s Unjustified Refusal
If the buyer refuses or rejects goods without valid reason or purpose, the seller, who prefers the performance of the contract, may deposit the goods in court. The seller can then claim the price and may also seek contract rescission.
Common Breaches of Contractual Obligations
- Failure in the duty of delivery of goods in all circumstances (quantity, quality, etc.).
- Breach of the duty of paying the price.
- Failure to accept
International Peace & Security: Core Concepts & Challenges
International Peace & Security: Key Points
Global peace relies on diplomacy, enforcement, and justice. The UN and ICC are central to conflict resolution.
Key Success Factors & Institutional Roles
UN and ICC Roles in Peace & Security
- UNSC (United Nations Security Council): Maintains international peace and security. Composed of 15 members; 5 permanent members hold veto power (United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China).
- UN Tools: Diplomacy, mediation, arbitration, peacekeeping, and
Essential Legal Concepts and Landmark Canadian Cases
Understanding Key Legal Terms and Concepts
Criminal Law Terms
- Charge Approval:
- Formal process where a prosecutor reviews evidence to decide whether to proceed with charges. Example: The Crown reviews police reports before approving theft charges.
- Conviction:
- A court’s formal declaration that someone is guilty. Example: The defendant was convicted of impaired driving after trial.
- Duress:
- A defense claiming a crime was committed due to threats of immediate harm. Example: Stealing a car under threat of violence.
Constitutional Frameworks: Concepts, Classifications, and Evolution
Understanding Constitutions: Concepts and Classifications
Throughout history, several concepts of the Constitution have emerged, shaping our understanding of this fundamental legal document.
- Decisionist Concept: According to Carl Schmitt, the Constitution represents a fundamental decision on how to organize the political community.
- Legal Concept: Attributed to Hans Kelsen, this concept views the Constitution as the fundamental legal norm (Grundnorm) upon which the entire legal system is based.
- Formal
Chile Public Service: Career, Promotion, and Rights
Requirements for Public Service Promotion
To be promoted, officials must meet the specific requirements for the accessed office, strictly adhere to the career ladder, and exceptionally, move to another position within the same department. The official must not be an impediment to others’ advancement and must not have been subject to disciplinary actions.
Chile’s Plural System of Laws for Public Officers
Chile operates under a plural system of laws governing public officers. For example, there are statutory
Read MoreBusiness Structures & Entrepreneurial Roles: A Comprehensive Analysis
Understanding Entrepreneur Roles and Business Structures
Entrepreneur Roles and Responsibilities
- Management: Coordinating productive processes.
- Resource Allocation: Controlling and allocating productive resources (e.g., human resources, financing).
- Risk-Taking: Assuming business risks.
- Decision-Making: Making strategic and operational decisions.
- Innovation: Driving new ideas and improvements.
Entrepreneurial Rights and Incentives
- Profit Acquisition: Obtaining profit through dividends and capital gains.
- Company