Roman Law Evolution: From Republic to Empire
Foundations of Roman Law
- Many principles, such as “dura lex, sed lex” (the law is harsh, but it is the law), were not clearly defined for security, even in equity, leading to limitations.
- Where an archaic national right was needed abroad, the paterfamilias played a crucial role.
- Legal acts were presented openly, modern in their approach, with no secrets.
The Roman Empire: Phases of Governance
The Principate: First Imperial Phase
- The Principate began with Octavian, later named Augustus.
- Augustus had been
Key Steps in Concluding International Treaties
Understanding the Treaty Conclusion Process
The conclusion of international treaties is a fundamental aspect of international law and diplomacy. This process typically involves several distinct stages, ensuring that States formally express their consent to be bound by international agreements.
1. The Negotiation Phase
The negotiation of a treaty takes place between representatives of States, who are invested with full powers. These powers are issued by the competent domestic authority, typically the
Read MoreLegal Foundations: Rights, Duties, and Business Entities
The Legal Relationship
A legal relationship is a connection of legal content between two individuals or entities. The relationship between legal persons shall be governed by law. In all legal relationships, there are subjects (people or firms) linked by a bond arising from an obligation for one party and a right for the other. There will be an active subject (the one with a right to something) and a passive subject or obligor (the one who is required to do something).
Subjective Rights
Subjective rights
Read MoreUnderstanding Labor Law: Concepts, Sources, and Employee Rights
Understanding Labor Law: Concepts and Principles
Labor Law is a body of law comprising the set of principles and legal institutions that regulate the legal relationship of a worker who provides services as an employee in exchange for a fee, performed under the direction and instructions of the employer. This legal relationship is articulated through an employment contract. There must always be a contract, even if not in writing.
Coupled with individual labor law is the Right to Association, which
Read MoreUnderstanding Civil Procedure: Applications, Process, and Jurisdiction
Types of Legal Applications
Procedural Applications
An application directed to the process is therefore governed by procedural law, which dictates the sequence of acts and the necessary steps. Examples include:
- Citation of the defendant
- Gathering evidence from case to case
- Pleading a skill
- Designating an audience
- Defining the return period
- Inclusion of witnesses
Substantive Applications
An application directed to the substance (or merits) aims to resolve the core dispute. The merit involves the assessment
Read MoreLegal Procedures for Seizure and Asset Liquidation
Administration of Seized Assets
Generally, the depositary is responsible for their administration, either temporarily or permanently. The depositary may only carry out administrative acts (maintenance, operation, and repair of the seized goods), and only exceptionally dispose of them, with prior judicial authorization, and only in the following cases:
- Movable assets subject to spoilage.
- Movable assets prone to rapid deterioration.
- Movable assets difficult or costly to store.
The depositary must make
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