Company Law Fundamentals: Formation, Features, and Share Capital
Definition and Features of a Company
Definition of Company
A Company is a voluntary association of individuals, formed to carry on a business and registered under the Companies Act. It is a legal entity separate from its members, having perpetual succession and a common seal.
According to Section 2(20) of the Companies Act, 2013: “A company means a company incorporated under this Act or under any previous company law.”
Features of a Company
- Incorporated Association: A company must be registered under
Legal Contracts: Definitions, Classifications, and Sales Agreements
Understanding Contracts: Types and Elements
Defining Contracts and Parties
Contract Definition
A contract is a verbal or written agreement between two or more persons who are obliged to give, do, or refrain from doing anything or providing any service.
Individuals
Individuals are natural persons who possess personality, rights, and obligations.
Legal Entities
Legal Entities include partnerships, corporations, associations, and foundations with a legal personality separate and distinct from their members.
Read MoreVenezuela’s Civil Protection: Legal Basis and Emergency Response
Civil Protection in Venezuela: Constitutional Basis and Scope
Civil Protection in Venezuela holds a constitutional character, as reflected in Article 332 of the Constitution, which states that the National Executive, to maintain public order and protect citizens, shall organize:
- A National Police
- A body for scientific, criminal, and criminalistics investigations
- A firefighter and emergency management body
- An organization for civil protection and disaster administration
The primary aim of Civil Protection
Read MoreUnderstanding Law: Meanings, Dimensions, and Rights
The Law and Its Fundamental Dimensions
Law is ubiquitous; whether we are aware of it or not, we are surrounded by legal principles. The rules of law are essential for social life, providing order to societal relationships. Humanity possesses an inherent intuition of what is unjust. Justice is necessary in life, and all individuals should be involved in the creation of laws. The word ‘law’ is emotionally charged; it holds not only a descriptive meaning but also different interpretations and several
Read MoreIsraeli Legal Precedents: High Court & Basic Laws
Jewish State Meaning & Law of Return
The statement posits that the meaning of a Jewish state in the Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty is purely religious, as there is no other meaning to Judaism. Therefore, the definition of a Jew in the Law of Return must conform to Halakhic Law.
- The concept of a Jewish state is controversial and disputed among different segments of Israeli public opinion.
- In 1970, the definition of who is a Jew was inserted into the Law of Return.
Ka’adan Case: Land Allocation
Read MoreEU Social & Employment Policy: Foundations to Modern Strategy
EU Social, Employment, and Economic Growth Policies
Foundations in the EEC Treaty
The EEC Treaty provided for the development of a Community social policy in two key ways:
- Articles 117-122 stated that there should be closer cooperation between member states in the social field, specifically requiring (in Article 119) that member states apply the principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women.
- Articles 123-128 laid the foundation for the European Social Fund (ESF).