Understanding Key Principles of Public Administration
Non-Arbitrariness Principle
The non-arbitrariness principle ensures equal rights, equal protection, equal opportunities, and indiscriminate treatment by authorities. Article 19, number 2 states that neither the law nor authority may establish arbitrary differences.
Constitutional Provisions Underlying the Rule of Law
The rule of law is constitutionally established in Articles 6 and 7:
- Article 6: State bodies must submit their acts to the constitution and laws.
- Article 7: The authority of a public entity
Understanding the Spanish General State Budget
1. Definition of the General State Budget (PGE)
The State General Budget (PGE) is an annually approved law voted by the Spanish Parliament (Cortes Generales). It systematically codes the maximum obligations that the state and its autonomous bodies can recognize. In general, it details all the expenses of the various entities comprising the state sector, as well as the income expected to be obtained during the corresponding period.
2. The General Appropriations Act
The General Appropriations Act includes
Read MoreConstitutional Rights: Suffrage, Environment, and Consumer Protection
Article 37: Suffrage
This constitution guarantees the full exercise of political rights, according to the principle of popular sovereignty and the laws derived therefrom. Suffrage is universal, equal, secret, and compulsory.
Article 38: Political Parties
Political parties are key institutions of the democratic system. The State contributes to the economic development of their activities and the training of their leaders. Political parties should make public the source and destination of their funds
Read MoreCitizen Power in Venezuela: Roles and Responsibilities
Citizen Power in Venezuela
Citizen Exercising Power (Article 273 CRBV)
Citizen Power is exercised by the Republican Moral Council, composed of the Ombudsman, the Public Prosecutor General, and the Comptroller General of the Republic. The organs of Citizen Power are the Ombudsman’s Office, the Public Ministry, and the Comptroller General of the Republic. One of their heads is designated by the Republican Moral Council as its Chairman for a one-year term, with the possibility of re-election.
Citizen
Read MoreHonduras Civics Exam: Judiciary, Legislation, and State Functions
International Institute for Technological Lyceum
Educating the Future of Honduras
Civics Review – Part IV
Professor: Reyna Isabel Amaya Rivera
Basic Cycle: III Technician Course
Student:_________________________________________
Date:__________________________
True or False
Value: 30% (3% each)
Instructions: Encircle the letter ‘V’ if the proposition is true, or the letter ‘F’ if it is false.
- The Judiciary has its seat in Congress … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …. V F
- The
Understanding Legal Obligations: Definitions, Types, and Extinction
Duties
A duty is a link whereby we give, do, or do not do something.
Elements of a Legal Obligation
- Subject: Persons involved in the legal relationship: the active subject (creditor) and the passive subject (debtor).
- Purpose: The specific action to be fulfilled by the debtor to the creditor.
- Cause: The reason why a person is obliged to another.
Sources of Legal Obligations
- Contract: When several people agree on a common declaration of willingness to establish rules for their rights.
- Quasi-contract: A lawful,