Understanding Priority Farms: Requirements and Benefits

This qualification may refer to an individual or a legal entity owning a farm with priority farming characteristics. This rating is essential for obtaining specific grants, benefits, and incentives, contingent upon meeting certain requirements.

Requirements for Individual Priority Farm Owners

A priority farm enables the occupation of at least one work unit (AWU), with the work unit rent being equal to or greater than 35% of the reference income and less than 12% of it, provided the holder meets the

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Mercantile Law in Spain: Sources, Principles, and Enterprise

Legal Sources of Mercantile Law in Spain

According to the Civil Code (Art. 1 CC), the sources of the Spanish legal system, in descending order of priority, are:

  • Law
  • Customs
  • General principles of law

Constitutional Distribution of Power in Commercial Law

The Spanish Constitution establishes a ‘state of autonomies,’ recognizing a degree of autonomy and self-government for various territorial entities while proclaiming the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation.

Principal Authority in Commercial Law

The

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Spain’s Moderate Decade (1844-1854) and Biennium (1854-1856)

The Moderate Decade (1844-1854)

The moderate decade, spanning from 1844 to 1854, began with the resignation of Joaquin Maria Lopez’s government on the same day as the commencement of Elizabeth II’s reign. Salustiano Olózaga, a progressive party chief, was appointed as a substitute but was dismissed after nine days due to accusations of forcing the young queen to dissolve the courts.

The moderate party, under General Narvaez’s leadership, then dominated the political scene for the next ten years,

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LOFCA: Funding and Financial Autonomy of Spanish Regions

LOFCA: Financial Autonomy of Spanish Regions

The LOFCA (Organic Law on the Financing of the Autonomous Communities) establishes basic principles that broadly coincide with the EC (Spanish Constitution), to which is added:

  • Principle of Stability: The state guarantees economic balance by taking measures to achieve economic stability, internal and external budgetary stability, and harmonious development between the various parts of Spanish territory.
  • Principle of Sufficiency: The regions should have adequate
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Corporate Tax, VAT, and Personal Income Tax: Key Exemptions

Corporate Tax (CT) Exemptions

In Corporate Tax (CT), exemptions can be categorized as either objective or subjective.

Objective Exemptions

Objective exemptions are granted for specific types of income and are aimed at eliminating double taxation or providing tax benefits. These exemptions are scattered throughout the articles of the Corporate Income Tax Law (LIS).

Subjective Exemptions

Subjective exemptions are granted based on the special characteristics of certain entities contributing to the CT. They

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Maritime Zones: Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, and High Seas

Maritime Zones: Key Concepts

Territorial Sea: Extends 12 nautical miles measured from the baseline (outer limit is a line every point of which is 12 nautical miles away from the nearest point of the baseline). The normal baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.

Maritime Delimitation Cases

  • Guinea/Guinea-Bissau Maritime Delimitation Case (1988): In 1960, France and Portugal concluded an Agreement defining the maritime boundary
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