Statistics Formulas and Practice Exercises

Key Elements

1. Probability Formulas:

  • Probability of an event: P(A)
  • Complementary probability: P(A’) or P(Ac)
  • Addition rule: P(A or B)
  • Multiplication rule: P(A and B)
  • Conditional probability: P(A | B)
  • Bayes’ theorem

2. Descriptive Statistics Formulas:

  • Mean (average)
  • Median
  • Mode
  • Range
  • Variance
  • Standard deviation
  • Interquartile range

3. Probability Distributions:

  • Normal distribution: mean, standard deviation, z-score
  • Binomial distribution: mean, standard deviation, probability of success
  • Poisson distribution: mean, standard
Read More

Statistical Inferences on Proportions: Assumptions, Sampling Distributions, Confidence Intervals, and Hypothesis Testing

  1. (8 points) In the current chapter covering statistical inferences on proportions, all of the procedures we have discussed (sampling distributions, confidence intervals and statistical tests) have involved two assumptions. What are those two assumptions? 
  2. 1.  Simple random sample
  3.   2.  Large enough sample for the Central Limit Theorem to apply.
  4. 2.       (4 points) Consider the three statements below. Draw a circle around any (if any) and all that are valid statistical hypotheses.

                                                            

Read More

Inventory Management: Types, Pressures, and Control Systems

Inventory Management

Types of Inventory

  • Raw Materials (RM)
  • Work-in-Process (WIP)
  • Finished Goods (FG)

Pressures for Inventory

Pressures for Small Inventories

  • Temporary monetary investment
  • Inventory holding cost (or carrying cost)
  • Cost of capital
  • Storage and handling costs
  • Taxes, insurance, and shrinkage

Pressures for Large Inventories

  • Customer service
  • Ordering cost
  • Setup cost
  • Labor and equipment utilization
  • Transportation cost
  • Payments to suppliers

Inventory Control Systems

Two Important Questions

  1. How much?
  2. When?

Nature

Read More

Statistical Hypothesis Testing

1. Which of the following is a valid statistical hypothesis?

                        (A) HA: p FyjHTO0cLwooyir2IQ4CjQRExws4S1DLQiHsBHcg

2. In October 2010 Jimmy McMillan made national headlines while campaigning for Governor of New York on his party slogan “The Rent is Too Damn High.” Mr. McMillan only received 1% of the votes for Governor, but his campaign did create an interest in how much people pay for rent. Of particular interest is the proportion of all renters in the state of New York that pay $1400 or

Read More

Properties of Summations and Their Applications in Discrete Calculus

Abstract

Working with sums of numbers is common in many problems faced daily by specialists in various branches of knowledge. Determining these sums involves obtaining compact expressions from a theoretical standpoint. Software applications offer facilities to avoid data capture errors.

This work compiles summation properties reported in the literature, considering their broad applications. It proposes and demonstrates another set particularly relevant when working with discrete variable functions

Read More

Cost Analysis of Thomas SLU Flowerpot Company: A Case Study

Review of Business Project: Recovery Costs

Thomas SLU Flowerpot Company

This document outlines the cost analysis for Thomas SLU Flowerpot Company, a manufacturer of treated wood containers. We will calculate the costs under the full costing system, considering both direct and indirect costs.

Departmental Breakdown

The company operates with the following departments:

  1. Treated Wood Store (activity measured by man-hours)
  2. Cutting (activity measured by man-hours)
  3. Assembly (activity measured by man-hours)
  4. Finished
Read More