Futures and Forwards: Hedging and Pricing Strategies

Chapter 2: Futures and Forwards

Futures Contract: A standardized contract traded on an exchange to buy or sell an asset at a future date at a price specified today. It can lead to losses if the price of the underlying asset goes up in the future.

Forward Contract: A customized contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a future date for a price agreed upon today. It can lead to profits if the price of the underlying asset goes up in the future.

Cash Flows: In a forward contract, no cash

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Properties, Derivatives & Related Rates

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Here’s a concise summary of each inverse trigonometric function, including their notations, domains, ranges, and key properties:

1. Inverse Sine Function

  • Notation: sin-1(x) or arcsin(x)
  • Domain: -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
  • Range: -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2
  • Key Property: sin(y) = x

2. Inverse Cosine Function

  • Notation: cos-1(x) or arccos(x)
  • Domain: -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
  • Range: 0 ≤ y ≤ π
  • Key Property: cos(y) = x

3. Inverse Tangent Function

  • Notation: tan-1(x) or arctan(x)
  • Domain: -∞ < x < ∞
  • Range:
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Comprehensive Guide to Taxation: Key Concepts and Calculations

MTR (Marginal Tax Rate) = Change in Tax / Change in Taxable Income = (New Total Tax – Old Total Tax) / (New Taxable Income – Old Taxable Income)

ATR (Average Tax Rate) = Total Tax / Taxable Income

ETR (Effective Tax Rate) = Total Tax / Total Income

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Gross Income Test for Qualifying Relatives

1. Gross Income: Business Income + Interest and Dividends + Gains from Selling Property + Prizes, Awards, and Gambling Winnings + Discharge of Indebtedness

Property Dispositions

Gain/Loss from Sale of an Asset = Sale

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Comprehensive Guide to Financial Statement Audits

  • Financial Statement Audit

    Corresponds to a review by auditors, whose aim is to express an opinion on the fairness of financial statements.

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  • Internal Control Audit

    A review conducted by trained professionals on the internal control systems of a company (Environment Control, Accounting System, Proceedings of Control) in order to determine proper operation. While this is presented as a separate definition, it should not be forgotten that this audit is part of the audit of financial statements. (This relationship

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Introduction to Guna (गुण) in Ayurveda

गुण का परिचय (Introduction to Guna)

परिभाषा (Definition)

वैशेषिक दर्शन: भाव पदार्थों में गुण को दूसरा स्थान दिया है। गुण द्रव्य में आश्रित रहता है।
चरक संहिता: षड् पदार्थों में गुण का तृतीय स्थान है।
आचार्य चरक: जो समवायी

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Financial Accounting Exercises

Brief Exercises

BE 164

Match the following external users of financial accounting information with the type of decision that user will make with the information.

  1. Creditor
  2. Investor
  3. Regulatory Agency
  4. Internal Revenue Service

_______ (1) Is the company operating within prescribed guidelines?

_______ (2) Is the company complying with tax laws?

_______ (3) Is the company able to pay its debts?

_______ (4) Is the company a good investment?

Solution 164

1. c

2. d

3. a

4. b

SO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 3 min. AACSB:

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