Essential Math Foundations: Shapes, Space, Numbers

Quadrilaterals: Shapes & Properties

What is a Quadrilateral?

  • A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon.

  • The interior angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360°.

Types of Quadrilaterals

TypeProperties
SquareAll sides equal, all angles 90°, opposite sides parallel
RectangleOpposite sides equal and parallel, all angles 90°
RhombusAll sides equal, opposite angles equal, diagonals bisect at right angles
ParallelogramOpposite sides equal and parallel, opposite angles equal
TrapeziumOne pair of opposite sides
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Key Concepts in Accounting and Financial Management

T.1 Accounting

Therefore, we can define accounting as the science that makes known the qualitative and quantitative composition of the assets of a company while providing information for decision-making.

The identification process, measurement, and communication of economic information form judgments and enable informed decisions for stakeholders or users of this information.

The standard setters aim for the standardization of accounting systems to ensure that all companies use the same accounts, the

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Understanding Variables in Research Methodology

Defining Variables in Research

A variable is any attribute, phenomenon, or characteristic that can assume different values among members of a class, subjects, or events. However, it holds a single value for any specific member of that class at a given point. A variable describes a unit of analysis and varies (in quality, order, or mode) across different units of analysis or at different times.

Examples:

  • Variables such as age (e.g., 15 years) and height (e.g., 170 cm) take numeric values.
  • Variables like
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Global Climate Agreements & India’s Environmental Law

International Climate Change Measures

Several international agreements and initiatives aim to combat global climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable development. Key measures include:

  • UNFCCC (1992)

    The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change serves as the foundation for global climate action. It brought nations together to agree on tackling climate change through cooperation.

  • Kyoto Protocol (1997)

    This treaty legally bound developed nations to reduce

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Key Concepts in 3D Analytic Geometry

This document outlines fundamental procedures for solving common problems in three-dimensional analytic geometry.

1. Plane Perpendicular to Line Through Point

To find the equation of a plane perpendicular to a given line and passing through a given point:

  • Take the direction vector of the line. This vector is the normal vector (A, B, C) of the plane.
  • Substitute these values into the plane equation form: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0.
  • Substitute the coordinates (x, y, z) of the given point into the equation to
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Matrices and Determinants: Properties and Operations

1. Determinant of a Matrix: The determinant of a matrix is equal to the determinant of its transpose.

2. Zero Row or Column: If a square matrix has a row or column of zeros, its determinant is 0.

3. Swapping Parallel Lines: Swapping two rows or columns of a square matrix changes the sign of its determinant.

4. Identical Parallel Lines: If a square matrix has two identical rows or columns, its determinant is 0.

5. Multiplying a Row/Column: Multiplying all elements of a row or column of a square matrix

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