Understanding Population, Sampling, and Research Methods
Understanding Population and Sampling in Research
Population: The entire group (of individuals or objects) that we want to know something about.
Population of Interest: A group in which the researcher has an interest in drawing conclusions from the study. Examples include ‘the population of Asia’ or ‘the population of Singapore’.
Population Parameter: A numerical fact about a population. These are constants.
Sample: A proportion of the population selected for the study. This is preferred over
Read MoreFemale Political Empowerment and Global Economic Disparities
Female Empowerment in Politics (1997)
1.(a) Referring to the graph, describe how female empowerment in politics varied between regions in 1997.
Scandinavia had the highest female representation in government, at approximately 36% [1 mark]. The Middle East had the lowest, at around 3% [1 mark]. The rest of the world averaged between 10% and 14% [1 mark].
Note: Responses lacking quantification or only listing values should be awarded a maximum of [2 marks].
Reasons for Increased Female Empowerment Since
Research Methods in Psychology: Key Concepts
Correlation vs. Causation in Research
Karpinski found, in a correlation study, that students who used Facebook had lower GPAs than those who didn’t (3.0 to 3.5 vs. 3.5 to 4.0) and spent less time studying (1-5 hours vs. 11-15 hours). However, correlation doesn’t equal causation. People who prefer more leisure time are more likely to be drawn to distractions like Facebook. Alternatively, students who use Facebook might also spend more time on other non-studying activities, such as sports or music.
Read MoreMerchant Accounting: Essential Record-Keeping Books
Merchant’s Obligatory Books of Record
Every merchant is obliged to have books of record for their accounting and business correspondence. The books that merchants must have are the following:
- The daily book
- The inventory book
- The letter copier
Composition of the Daily Book
In the daily book will be settled, day by day and according to the order in which they are carried out, all the operations that the merchant does. This includes letters or any other credit papers that they give or receive, and in general,
Read MoreStatistical Methods for Data Reduction and Classification
Linear Regression
Linear Regression: Finds the best line that summarizes the relationship between two variables. (Imagine a bunch of dots and a line representing the relationship).
Dimensionality Reduction
A large number of variables results in a dispersion matrix that is too large to study. Dimensionality reduction reduces the number of variables to a few. Why?
- Simpler Analysis: Fewer features make it easier to find patterns.
- Faster Processing (e.g., Trading).
- Better Visualization: It’s easier to visualize
Essential Geometric Definitions and Theorems
Angles and Lines
- Acute Angle: An angle that measures less than 90º.
- Angles: Formed by two rays that share a common endpoint, provided that the two rays are non-collinear.
- Angle Bisector: A ray that contains the vertex and divides the angle into two congruent angles.
- Complementary Angle: A pair of angles that sum 90º.
- Congruent Angles: Two angles are congruent if and only if they have equal measure.
- Corresponding Angles: Angles that are created at the same location at each intersection where a transversal