Clinical Review: Bowel, Wound Care, and End-of-Life Nursing Skills
Bowel and Bladder Care Fundamentals
Small Intestine Function and Anatomy
- Primary site of digestion and nutrient absorption.
- 3 sections: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
- Absorbs 90% of nutrients and fluids.
Vagal Response
- Manifestations: Bradycardia, dizziness, diaphoresis (sweating), and hypotension.
- Causes: Rectal stimulation (digital removal of stool, enemas) or straining.
Assessing Bowel Sounds
- Listen for 5 minutes total (1 minute per quadrant) before declaring sounds absent.
- Hyperactive Sounds: Indicate
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: P&O Techniques and Disease Management
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as Physiatry, is a medical specialty focused on enhancing and restoring functional ability and quality of life to individuals with physical impairments or disabilities. It deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons.
Physiatrists, the physicians who practice PM&R, aim
Read MoreEssential Facts on Nasal Conditions: Sinusitis, Rhinitis, and Epistaxis
Nasal Conditions: Furuncles, Anesthesia, and Epistaxis
Furuncle of the External Nose (5 Key Points)
- Definition: A deep bacterial infection of a hair follicle, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
- Anatomical Risk: Located in the facial danger triangle, posing a risk of serious complications like Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis.
- Clinical Features: Presents as a red, swollen, painful nodule. May involve pus formation and systemic symptoms (e.g., fever).
-
Management:
- ❌ Do not squeeze the lesion.
- ✅ Requires
Essential Clinical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Essential Clinical Terminology and Synonyms
Understanding precise medical language and common synonyms is crucial for effective communication in healthcare settings.
Common Medical Synonyms (English to English)
- A&E Department: Emergency Department (ED)
- Administer Medication: Give drugs
- Attend To: Assist
- Belly: Abdomen
- Bleeding: Hemorrhage
- Bowels: Intestines
- Elective: Programmed
- GP: Family Doctor
- Injection: Jab
- Observations: Vital signs
- Investigation: Test
- Joint: Articulation
- Notify: Inform
- Obstruction: Occlusion
- Operating
Medical Terminology and How Drugs Work in Your Body
Essential Medical Vocabulary
Common Terms and Translations
- Over-the-counter (OTC): Medicamento sin receta
- Drops: Gotas
- Painkillers: Analgésicos
- Prescription: Receta
- Dosage: Dosis
Symptoms and Conditions
- Itchy: When you want to scratch your skin.
- Drowsy: Tired, feeling like you want to sleep.
- Dizzy: Feeling like everything is turning around and you may fall.
- Rash: Red spots on your skin.
- Constipated: Unable to get rid of solid waste from your body.
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep.
- Nausea: The feeling that
Clinical Allergy and Immunology: Key Diseases, Diagnosis, and Management Protocols
Urticaria (Hives)
- Related Condition: Angioedema.
- Manifests as rashes all over the body.
- Skin Layers Involved: Upper layers of the dermis.
- Itching Mechanism: H1 receptor activation by histamine.
- Main Symptoms of Hives: Local edema, erythema, and itching.
- Duration of Exposure (Individual Lesion): Typically 24 to 48 hours.
- Can be confused with urticarial vasculitis.
- Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU): Diagnosed if symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks.
- CSU Rash Characteristics: Size and shape of the rashes