Essential Medical Terminology and Pharmacy Practice
Understanding Medications and Interactions
What are side effects? An undesired effect of a drug or other type of treatment. In some cases, they can lead to complications and can be life-threatening.
What are interactions? They are alterations in the effects of a drug due to the presence or action of another medication, food, or supplement, which can increase, decrease, or modify its expected effect.
Common Symptoms and Conditions
- Difficulty swallowing: Hard to get food down the throat.
- Heartburn: Burning
Summer Travel Plans: Mallorca and New York Itineraries
Summer Vacation in Mallorca
This summer, I am very excited because I am going to travel to Mallorca with my friends. Our flight leaves from Barcelona on June 25th at 7:00 a.m. and arrives in Mallorca at 8:15 a.m., so we have to wake up very early.
We are going to travel together this summer, and we will have a great time. This year, we are staying in a hotel near the beach. We are going to the beach to swim and relax in the sun.
During the day, we are going to visit different places on the island.
Read MorePharmacology of Respiratory and Endocrine Systems
Nervous System Overview
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
- Sympathetic (Fight or Flight): Adrenergic, sympathomimetic, adrenaline. Effects: ↑ HR, relax lungs, ↓ saliva, relax bowels, contract sphincter, relax bladder.
- Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest): Cholinergic, parasympathomimetic, acetylcholine. Effects: ↓ HR, contract lungs, ↑ saliva, contract bowels, relax sphincter, contract bladder.
Histamine and Respiratory Drugs
Histamine: Protection from foreign entities; causes allergic
Read MoreNutraceuticals: Health Benefits and Market Trends
General Aspects of Nutraceuticals
This section covers the market, growth, scope, and types of products available in the market. It examines the health benefits and the role of nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, CVS (Cardiovascular) diseases, Cancer, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and various Gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, it includes the study of the following herbs as health foods: Alfalfa, Chicory, Ginger, Fenugreek, Garlic, Honey, Amla, Ginseng, Ashwagandha, and Spirulina.
Definition
Read MoreCardiovascular Pharmacology and Electrolyte Management
Electrolyte Imbalances
Potassium (K+)
- Hypokalemia (< 3.5): GI losses (N/V/D), dehydration, diuretic use, laxative abuse. Digoxin + hypokalemia = high toxicity risk. S/S: Arrhythmias (PVC to V-fib), muscle weakness, paresthesia, fatigue. ECG: Flat T, prominent U, low ST. Treat: PO/IV K+ supplements, K+-rich foods (OJ, banana, potato, spinach). NI: Monitor K+ with diuretics; IV rate < 10 mEq/h.
- Hyperkalemia (> 5): Renal disease, ACEI/ARBs, K+-sparing diuretics. S/S: Arrhythmias (PVC to V-fib)
Perioperative Care and Wound Management Essentials
Chapter 39: Perioperative Care
Preoperative Preparation
- Medical Evaluation: Includes mCXR, CBC, urinalysis, and EKG.
- Fasting: NPO for 6–8 hours before surgery.
- Personal Care:
- Hygiene: Complete bath, shower, or shampoo to reduce microbes.
- Grooming: Remove makeup, nail polish, and artificial nails to monitor color and circulation.
- Hair Care: Remove hairpins, clips, combs, wigs, and hairpieces. Use a surgical cap.
- Oral Hygiene: Do not allow the person to swallow water.
- Dentures: Provide care and store safely;