Human Anatomy: Bones, Skin, Glands, and Body Parts
Skeletal System
Upper Limb Bones
The skeleton of each upper limb consists of 30 bones. These bones are: Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), Phalanges (14)
Pelvic Girdle
There are two pelvic girdles (one for each lower limb) but unlike the pectoral girdles, they are jointed with each other at symphysis pubis. Each pelvic girdle is a single bone in adults and is made up of three components: Ileum, Ischium and Pubis
Lower Limb Bones
The skeleton of each lower limb consists of 30 bones. These
Read MoreBurn Injuries, Low Back Pain, Cognitive Disabilities, and Mood Disorders: Impact and Management
Burn Injuries: Classification, Treatment, and Rehabilitation
Burns are classified according to their depth and size. The classifications are:
- First-degree (superficial)
- Second-degree (partial-thickness): Affects the top two layers of skin. Healing time is typically two to three weeks.
- Third-degree (full-thickness): Extends through all skin layers and includes fatty tissue above the muscle.
- Fourth-degree: Involves skin, fat, muscle, and bone. These burns result in slow healing, severe scarring, and loss
Essential Vocabulary for English Language Learners
T2: Adjectives and Verbs
- Addicted: Liking something very much.
- Adventurous: Willing to try new and often difficult or dangerous things.
- Aware: Knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing.
- Bothered: If you are bothered about something, it is important to you and you are worried about it.
- Cautious: Taking care to avoid risks or danger.
- Critical: Saying that someone or something is bad or wrong.
- Decisive: Able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing
Antiretroviral and Antidiabetic Drugs: Mechanisms, Uses, and More
Antiretroviral Drugs
Mechanism of Action (MOA)
Antiretroviral drugs act by inhibiting various stages of the HIV life cycle, including:
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Prevent conversion of viral RNA to DNA.
- NRTIs: Compete with nucleosides.
- NNRTIs: Directly inhibit reverse transcriptase.
- Protease Inhibitors (PIs): Inhibit viral protease, preventing maturation of virions.
- Integrase Inhibitors: Prevent integration of viral DNA into host DNA.
- Entry Inhibitors: Block entry of the virus into host cells.
- Fusion
Unraveling the Mystery of Angela’s Death in Istanbul
Where and When Did Tom and Angela Meet?
They met at the Park Hotel, in the American Bar at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.
What Did Tom Do When Angela Didn’t Appear?
He went to her flat, number 11 on Quiet Street (a block of old apartments).
What Did Tom Do When He Received the Bad News?
He phoned Kemal to ask for help. They met in the American Bar at the Park Hotel.
Where Did Tom Expect to Stay?
He expected to stay at the Park Hotel, but he stayed at the Ankara Hotel because it was cheaper.
How Long Had Angela
Read MoreEmergency First Aid: Essential Techniques and Treatments
First Aid: Essential Standards and Techniques
Remain calm and act promptly. If an accident occurs, assess the scene. Note the number and severity of injuries, and quickly scan the area for sources of danger or gas. Leave the wounded lying on their back, although this may vary according to their condition (e.g., bleeding). Manage the casualty with caution. Examine the wounded thoroughly for fractures, shock, burns, etc. Only do what is essential. Keep the patient warm with blankets or jackets. Do
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