Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis, Treatment, and Related Conditions
Examination of a Child with Rheumatic Diseases
I. Medical History
- Pain (7 Questions)
- Predisposing Factors
- Trauma
- Fever/Rashes
- Weight Loss
- Abdominal Pain
- Eye Damage
II. Physical Exam
- Blood Pressure
- Skin
- Eyes
III. Lab Tests
IV. Radiology (X-ray/Ultrasound)
| Benign | Severe |
|
|
Diagnosis Criteria for JIA
- Duration of 6 weeks
Subtypes:
- Systemic
- Oligoarthritis (Persistent/
Commonly Prescribed Medications
Brand Name | Generic Name | Condition Treated | Drug Class | Available Dosage Forms | Typical Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concerta | Methylphenidate | ADHD | Stimulant | 18, 27, 36, 54 mg | QAM |
Nasonex | Mometasone (Nasal) | Allergic Rhinitis | Corticosteroid | 50 mcg/spray | QD |
Nasacort AQ | Triamcinolone (Nasal) | Allergic Rhinitis | Corticosteroid | 55 mcg/ACT | QD |
Imdur | Isosorbide Mononitrate | Angina Pectoris | Nitrate | 30, 60, 120 mg | BID |
Xanax | Alprazolam | Anxiety | Benzodiazepine | 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg | TID |
Klonopin | Clonazepam | Anxiety | Benzodiazepine | 0.5, 1, 2 mg | BID (AM & PM) |
Ativan | Lorazepam | Anxiety | Benzodiazepine | 0. |
Pediatric Conditions: Diagnosis and Treatment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Children
Diagnosis: 4 out of 11 criteria are sufficient for diagnosis in children. Common symptoms include cutaneous lupus, oral/nasal ulcers, arthritis, serositis, renal symptoms, neurological disorders, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
Immunological Findings: Positive ANA, anti-DNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid antibodies, high ESR and CRP, low complement (C3 and C4), and direct Coombs test.
Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Risk Factors: History of
Read MoreUnderstanding and Managing Challenging Patients in Healthcare
Unmotivated Patients
Unmotivated patients lack the desire or motivation to engage in treatment. This can be due to various factors, including:
- Lack of understanding or belief in the treatment
- Fear or anxiety about the treatment process
- Depression or other mental health conditions
- External factors such as lack of support or resources
Approaches for Unmotivated Patients
Children:
- Decisions regarding treatment may involve parents, legal guardians, or the court system.
- A multidisciplinary team approach is often
Prostate Cancer: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis
Prostate Cancer: Introduction
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, after lung cancer. It is a malignancy that develops in the prostate gland, a small organ located below the bladder that produces seminal fluid.
Etiology
The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including:
- Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age.
- Race: African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer than men of other races.
- Family history:
Drug Discovery & Development: Preclinical & Clinical Studies (Phases I-IV)
Drug Discovery and Development
This is the process of identifying and bringing new drugs to market. New drugs can be discovered through:
- New insights about diseases
- Existing treatments with unanticipated effects
- New technologies that provide new ways to target medical product sites
The development process involves understanding:
- How the drug is absorbed, metabolized, distributed, and excreted
- Benefits, mechanism of action, dosages, toxicity, adverse drug reactions, and interactions
- How the drug affects