Hospital-Acquired Infections: Risk Factors, Causes, and Treatment
Factors Predisposing to Hospital Infection
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) appear within 3 days after a patient is admitted.
Routes of Transmission
- Contact
- Droplets
- Airborne
- Vehicle
- Vector
Hospitalized Patients at High Risk for Infection
Hospitalized patients are at a higher risk for infection due to:
- Underlying illness
- Environment
- Microbiological/virulence factors
- Procedures and interventions
- Process of care
I. Host Factors
| II. |
English-Spanish Vocabulary List: Personality, Finances, Crime, and More
UNIT 1: Personality Traits
English – Spanish
Ambitious – ambicioso
Argumentative – argumentativo
Assertive – asertivo
Considerate – considerado
Conventional – convencional
Creative – creativo
Dedicated – dedicado
Eccentric – excéntrico
Immature – inmaduro
Organised – organizado
Outgoing – extrovertido
Responsible – responsable
Selfish – egoísta
Sensible – sensato
Serious – serio
Stubborn – testarudo
Unconventional – poco convencional
Additional Traits
Cagey – wary/careful
Conceited – vain
Condescending – patronising
Daring
Read MoreAcute Respiratory Failure: Causes, Classification, Diagnosis & Treatment
Classification:
A- Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure:
PaCO2 > 45mmHg, develops within minutes to hours
B- Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure:
PaO2 < 55mmHg when FIO2 ≥ 0.6, develops within minutes to hours
Causes:
A | B |
I- Acute Exacerbation:
II- Reduced Respiratory Drive:
III- Neuromuscular Disease:
IV- Thoracic Wall Disease |
|
Diagnosis:
I- Clinical Features: |
Nutrition and Health: A Comprehensive Guide
Chapter 9: Weight Management and Eating Behaviors
Understanding Overweight and Obesity in America
- A significant portion of the American population struggles with weight issues:
- 68% are overweight
- Over one-third of the population is obese.
- Obesity is linked to various health consequences, including:
- Cancer
- Gallbladder disease
- Stroke
- Heart disease
- Breathing problems
- Kidney problems
- Diabetes
Characteristics of a Reasonable Weight Loss Program
A successful weight loss program should incorporate the following elements:
Read MoreEnglish Vocabulary List: Personality, Finance, Relationships, Technology, Food, Media, Sports, and Idioms
English Vocabulary List
Unit 2: Finance
Financial Terms: afford, allowance, budget, debt, expenses, financial, income, repay, save, waste
Describing Wealth: careless, dear, hard-up, mean, valuable, well-off, worthless, stingy, affluent
Housing Terms: amenities, fully-fitted, top-floor, available, central heating, double glazing, furnished, squatters
Unit 3: Relationships
Positive Relationships: be on the same wavelength, respect, trust
Negative Relationships: be wary of, despise, envy, feel sorry for,
Read MoreInfectious Diseases in Immunocompromised Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment
Infectious Diseases in Immunocompromised Patients
CMV Retinitis
Diagnosis
- Ophthalmologic examination
- Aqueous humor test
Treatment
- Valganciclovir (oral)
- Ganciclovir (intravenous)
Candida
Diagnosis
- Clinical evaluation
- Endoscopy and serology
Treatment
- Topical antifungals (nystatin, clotrimazole)
- Oral antifungals (itraconazole, fluconazole)
- Intravenous antifungals (amphotericin B)
- Antifungal diet (low carb)
- Probiotics
Malaria
Diagnosis
- Clinical features
- Blood smear microscopy
- Serology
- PCR
- Elevated CRP/ESR/lactate dehydrogenase
- Thrombocytopenia
Treatment
- Chloroquine