Understanding Major Health Conditions and Risk Factors
Genetic Diseases and Their Causes
A genetic disease is a disorder caused by an alteration in a gene, known as a mutation. These mutations can occur randomly or as a result of exposure to certain environmental risk factors, such as tobacco smoke.
Environmental Factors Affecting Health
Environmental factors, such as certain chemicals, air pollution, or allergenic substances, also play an important role in the occurrence of diseases and the expression of certain genes.
Key Environmental Factors:
- Exposure
Essential Medical Vocabulary and Health Concepts
Essential Blood Terminology
- Blood (Sangre): The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Blood Cell (Glóbulo): Any of the kinds of cells normally found circulating in the blood.
- Blood Type (Tipo de sangre): Another term for blood group.
- Blood Donor (Donante de sangre): A person who gives blood for transfusion.
- Blood Recipient (Receptores de sangre): The individual who receives blood or blood components from a donor.
Patient Positioning and Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Ergonomics in Patient Care
Ergonomics is the science of designing work to fit the user. When applied properly, it can increase energy and work performance by providing solutions to:
- Improve working conditions
- Decrease fatigue
- Prevent injuries
- Increase satisfaction and work performance
Body Positions for Patient Care
Postural changes are used to facilitate patient examination and treatment, prevent injuries, and ensure user comfort. Positions can be divided into:
- Basic Positions: Supine (dorsal decubitus)
Clinical Assessment: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnostic Insights
Gastrointestinal Disease Symptoms and Signs
Acute appendicitis, pancreatitis, dyspepsia, esophageal disturbances (pyrosis, regurgitation, odynophagia, dysphagia), gastroduodenal ulcers, gallbladder colic, reflux esophagitis, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pain, viral hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, diverticulitis, anorectal lesions, and cholecystitis are common conditions.
Abdominal Pain Differentiation
Abdominal pain is differentiated according to Maratka and Jones zones. Types include:
- Somatic: Localized
Achieving Wellness: Nutrition, Health, and Public Health Strategies
Nutrition Fundamentals
Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological processes by which an organism uses food to support life.
Understanding Health and Well-being
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
Types of Health
- Physical Health
- Social Health
- Spiritual Health
- Emotional Health
Physical Health: Optimal Body Function
It is defined as the state in which every cell and every organ is functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect harmony
Read MoreNeonatal and Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation: Essential Strategies
Mechanical Ventilation Indications
Mechanical ventilation is indicated in various conditions, particularly in neonates and pediatric patients. Key indications include:
Apnea and Respiratory Failure
- Apnea: Characterized by a PaO2 < 50 mmHg or PaCO2 > 65 mmHg.
- Pulmonary Diseases: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN), Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS), Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
- Neurological/Neuromuscular Conditions: