Essential Nutrition and Food Safety Principles
The Eatwell Guide: Achieving a Balanced Diet
A balanced diet is essential because it:
- Provides energy for survival.
- Supports the growth and repair of body tissue.
- Maintains essential bodily functions.
- Prevents hunger.
- Promotes overall health and well-being.
The Five Food Groups
- Fruit and vegetables.
- Starchy carbohydrates (Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta).
- Proteins (Beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat).
- Dairy and alternatives.
- Fats and oils.
The Eatwell Guide applies to everyone regardless of weight, dietary restrictions,
Read MoreClinical Management Protocols for Stroke, Pressure Sores, and Syncope
Stroke: Causes, Symptoms, and Nursing Care
Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two main kinds of stroke:
- Ischemic Stroke: The more common kind, caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain.
- Hemorrhagic Stroke: Caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain.
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs), often called “mini-strokes,” occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.
Parts of
Read MoreVitamin D, Calcium, and Iron Metabolism: Deficiency and Toxicity
Vitamin D: Synthesis, Absorption, and Health
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with UVB radiation (sunlight).
The liver converts it to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the main circulating form.
The kidneys further convert it to the active form: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D] (calcitriol).
Absorption of Vitamin D
Vitamin D2 and D3 from food or supplements are absorbed in the small intestine, especially with dietary fat.
Read MoreAnti-Inflammatory Drugs: Uses, Side Effects, and Physical Therapy Interaction
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Definition, Uses, and Risks
This document defines anti-inflammatory drugs, details their uses, outlines potential side effects, and discusses their crucial interaction with physical therapy protocols.
Definition of Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Anti-inflammatory drugs are medications designed to reduce inflammation, which is the body’s natural response to injury or infection. Inflammation often causes redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. These drugs help relieve
Read MoreEssential Biology: Bacteria Functions, Disease Prevention, and Health Facts
Beneficial Roles and Industrial Uses of Bacteria
Bacteria perform several vital activities, including:
- Aiding digestion and nutrient production in the human gut.
- Acting as decomposers in ecosystems to recycle organic matter and maintain soil fertility.
- Contributing significantly to the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
They are also crucial in industry, used for:
- Producing fermented foods like yogurt and cheese.
- Manufacturing antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals.
- Cleaning up oil spills (bioremediation).
- Controlling
Understanding Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Drug Resistance
Understanding Infectious Diseases and Public Health
1. Differentiating Epidemic, Endemic, and Pandemic
An epidemic is an outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads quickly, infecting a large number of people within a specific region or population.
If the disease remains consistently present within a determined geographic area or population at predictable rates, it is called endemic.
If the disease infects many countries or continents at the same time, spreading globally, it is called a pandemic.
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