Community Nutrition Strategies to Prevent Cancer
Primary Prevention of Tumours via Community Nutrition
Page 14 — Background
Background:
- Although our genes influence our risk of cancer, most of the difference in cancer risk between people is due to factors that are not inherited.
- Reasons for the large international differences in the incidence of most cancers are unknown.
- For most people who do not use tobacco, the most important cancer risk factors that can be changed are: body weight, diet, and physical activity. These same behaviours are also linked
Clinical Pathology: Diseases, Causes and Pathogenesis
Feedback System
FEEDBACK SYSTEM. When there are changes in the internal environment of the body, the body’s feedback system acts to return it to the normal equilibrium condition. A feedback system includes three basic components:
- Receptor
- Control Centre
- Effector
Receptor
A receptor is a body structure that monitors or detects changes in the internal environment of the body.
Control Centre
A control centre receives input from receptors and generates output in the form of nerve impulses, hormones or other
Read MoreHistopathology Tissue Processing Techniques and Principles
Aims of Tissue Processing
The basic aim of tissue processing is to provide sufficient rigidity to the tissue to be cut into thin sections for microscopic examination.
Principle of Processing
In tissue processing, the water within the tissue is removed, and another medium (usually paraffin wax) is impregnated into the tissue to provide adequate support.
Essential Steps in Tissue Processing
- Dehydration: In this step, water is removed from the tissue. Water is immiscible with wax; therefore, to infiltrate
Shock Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Emergency Treatment
Shock: Pathophysiology and Cascades
SHOCK:
Px: 1. Decreased perfusion and O2 delivery to cells. 2. Inadequate aerobic metabolism. 3. Results in Cascade I and II.
Cascade I: Cellular Response
- Cells shift to anaerobic metabolism.
- Increased CO2 production and accumulation of lactic acid.
- Progressive decline in cell function.
- If shock persists, irreversible cellular damage occurs.
Clinical Features, Tests and Causes
| CF | Tests | Causes |
|---|---|---|
|
|
Food Allergies, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) & Space Tourism Facts
Food Allergies
Reading 1: True/False Statements
- False — “Sometimes, an allergic person may suffer a reaction from simply touching or smelling the dangerous food.”
- True — “by releasing chemicals such as histamine, which cause an allergic reaction.”
- True — “an anaphylactic reaction, which results in a decrease in the flow of blood to the heart, lungs or brain.”
- False — “recent research shows that teenagers … tend to minimise the risks.”
Lexicon
- something that is incorrect — a
Pharmacology of NSAIDs, Anticoagulants, and Diuretics
NSAIDs: Classification and Mechanism of Action
NSAIDs have the following group of drugs:
- 1. Analgesic
- 2. Antipyretic
- 3. Anti-inflammatory
Classification of NSAIDs
A. Nonselective COX Inhibitors (Traditional NSAIDs)
- Salicylates: Aspirin
- Propionic acid derivatives: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, Flurbiprofen.
- Anthranilic acid derivative: Mefenamic acid
- Aryl-acetic acid derivatives: Diclofenac, Aceclofenac.
- Oxicam derivatives: Piroxicam, Tenoxicam.
- Pyrrolo-pyrrole derivative: Ketorolac
- Indole derivative: Indomethacin.